Parameter Optimization, Morphological and Histological Characteristics of Accurate Bone Ablation by Femtosecond Laser: An In Vitro Study

The use of femtosecond laser for bone ablation has been demonstrated in numerous studies; however, the clinical application requires further optimization to meet safety, accuracy, and efficiency standards. This study aims to optimize the energy density parameter of a robot-controlled femtosecond las...

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Main Authors: Yiyang Wang, Shanshan Liang, Yongsheng Zhou, Fusong Yuan, Hongqiang Ye
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Bioengineering
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/3/217
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author Yiyang Wang
Shanshan Liang
Yongsheng Zhou
Fusong Yuan
Hongqiang Ye
author_facet Yiyang Wang
Shanshan Liang
Yongsheng Zhou
Fusong Yuan
Hongqiang Ye
author_sort Yiyang Wang
collection DOAJ
description The use of femtosecond laser for bone ablation has been demonstrated in numerous studies; however, the clinical application requires further optimization to meet safety, accuracy, and efficiency standards. This study aims to optimize the energy density parameter of a robot-controlled femtosecond laser surgical system for bone ablation by assessing temperature changes, ablation efficiency, and ablation effects. Furthermore, the morphological and histological characteristics of bone tissue were compared with those of conventional mechanical methods. The results indicated that a laser energy density of 1.05 J/cm<sup>2</sup> was optimal for bone ablation, maintaining the bone surface temperature below 47 °C and achieving an ablation efficiency of 0.145 mm<sup>3</sup>/s. The deviations in cavity diameters were significantly smaller for the laser group (6.58 ± 18.09 μm) compared to the bur group (80.09 ± 45.45 μm, <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>N</i> = 5 per group). Femtosecond laser ablation produced cleaner cavity margins with minimal bone debris accumulation. Additionally, the adjacent Volkmann and Haversian canals retained their normal morphology, indicating limited mechanical and thermal damage to the bone tissue. The robot-controlled femtosecond laser system demonstrated the potential for achieving safe, accurate, efficient, and clean bone ablation, offering promising prospects for clinical applications.
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issn 2306-5354
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publishDate 2025-02-01
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spelling doaj-art-d5bc0477cce14c3e8f3efe836cf3bd152025-08-20T03:43:21ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542025-02-0112321710.3390/bioengineering12030217Parameter Optimization, Morphological and Histological Characteristics of Accurate Bone Ablation by Femtosecond Laser: An In Vitro StudyYiyang Wang0Shanshan Liang1Yongsheng Zhou2Fusong Yuan3Hongqiang Ye4Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, ChinaCenter of Digital Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Beijing 100081, ChinaDepartment of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, ChinaCenter of Digital Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Beijing 100081, ChinaDepartment of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, ChinaThe use of femtosecond laser for bone ablation has been demonstrated in numerous studies; however, the clinical application requires further optimization to meet safety, accuracy, and efficiency standards. This study aims to optimize the energy density parameter of a robot-controlled femtosecond laser surgical system for bone ablation by assessing temperature changes, ablation efficiency, and ablation effects. Furthermore, the morphological and histological characteristics of bone tissue were compared with those of conventional mechanical methods. The results indicated that a laser energy density of 1.05 J/cm<sup>2</sup> was optimal for bone ablation, maintaining the bone surface temperature below 47 °C and achieving an ablation efficiency of 0.145 mm<sup>3</sup>/s. The deviations in cavity diameters were significantly smaller for the laser group (6.58 ± 18.09 μm) compared to the bur group (80.09 ± 45.45 μm, <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>N</i> = 5 per group). Femtosecond laser ablation produced cleaner cavity margins with minimal bone debris accumulation. Additionally, the adjacent Volkmann and Haversian canals retained their normal morphology, indicating limited mechanical and thermal damage to the bone tissue. The robot-controlled femtosecond laser system demonstrated the potential for achieving safe, accurate, efficient, and clean bone ablation, offering promising prospects for clinical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/3/217ultrafast laserfemtosecond laserbone ablationsurgical robotparameter optimizationlaser energy density
spellingShingle Yiyang Wang
Shanshan Liang
Yongsheng Zhou
Fusong Yuan
Hongqiang Ye
Parameter Optimization, Morphological and Histological Characteristics of Accurate Bone Ablation by Femtosecond Laser: An In Vitro Study
Bioengineering
ultrafast laser
femtosecond laser
bone ablation
surgical robot
parameter optimization
laser energy density
title Parameter Optimization, Morphological and Histological Characteristics of Accurate Bone Ablation by Femtosecond Laser: An In Vitro Study
title_full Parameter Optimization, Morphological and Histological Characteristics of Accurate Bone Ablation by Femtosecond Laser: An In Vitro Study
title_fullStr Parameter Optimization, Morphological and Histological Characteristics of Accurate Bone Ablation by Femtosecond Laser: An In Vitro Study
title_full_unstemmed Parameter Optimization, Morphological and Histological Characteristics of Accurate Bone Ablation by Femtosecond Laser: An In Vitro Study
title_short Parameter Optimization, Morphological and Histological Characteristics of Accurate Bone Ablation by Femtosecond Laser: An In Vitro Study
title_sort parameter optimization morphological and histological characteristics of accurate bone ablation by femtosecond laser an in vitro study
topic ultrafast laser
femtosecond laser
bone ablation
surgical robot
parameter optimization
laser energy density
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/3/217
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AT fusongyuan parameteroptimizationmorphologicalandhistologicalcharacteristicsofaccurateboneablationbyfemtosecondlaseraninvitrostudy
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