Functionally Graded Oxide Scale on (Hf,Zr,Ti)B2 Coating with Exceptional Ablation Resistance Induced by Unique Ti Dissolving

Abstract Multicomponent Ti‐containing ultra‐high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) have emerged as more promising ablation‐resistant materials than typical UHTCs for applications above 2000 °C. However, the underlying mechanism of Ti improving the ablation performance is still obscure. Here, (Hf,Zr,Ti)B2...

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Main Authors: Junshuai Lv, Wei Li, Yanqin Fu, Menglin Zhang, Lingxiang Guo, Fanyu Lu, Jiachen Li, Tao Li, Yulei Zhang, Hejun Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Advanced Science
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202411292
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author Junshuai Lv
Wei Li
Yanqin Fu
Menglin Zhang
Lingxiang Guo
Fanyu Lu
Jiachen Li
Tao Li
Yulei Zhang
Hejun Li
author_facet Junshuai Lv
Wei Li
Yanqin Fu
Menglin Zhang
Lingxiang Guo
Fanyu Lu
Jiachen Li
Tao Li
Yulei Zhang
Hejun Li
author_sort Junshuai Lv
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Multicomponent Ti‐containing ultra‐high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) have emerged as more promising ablation‐resistant materials than typical UHTCs for applications above 2000 °C. However, the underlying mechanism of Ti improving the ablation performance is still obscure. Here, (Hf,Zr,Ti)B2 coatings are fabricated by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying, and the effects of Ti content on the ablation performance under an oxyacetylene flame are investigated. The (Hf0.45Zr0.45Ti0.10)B2 coating shows superior ablation resistance and cycling reliability at ≈2200°C. A functionally graded oxide scale comprising an outer dense layer and an underlying fine granular layer formed. The former is a better oxygen barrier owing to fewer cracks and the latter has high strain tolerance due to finer grain size. The uniform dissolving of ≈4 mol% Ti in the inner layer results in grain refinement via sluggish diffusion and thus stress release. For the outer layer, Ti segregation at the nanoscale leads to a metastable cubic (Hf,Zr,Ti)O2 and local severe lattice distortion, inhibiting the propagation of cracks. Ti ions’ unique dissolving in the oxide scale enables a strong oxygen diffusion barrier with high strain tolerance, which is responsible for superior performance. This study provides new insights into the ablation behavior of Ti‐containing multicomponent UHTCs.
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spelling doaj-art-d5b4cb52a64f437dbae56183c45f1a322025-08-20T02:35:40ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442025-03-011210n/an/a10.1002/advs.202411292Functionally Graded Oxide Scale on (Hf,Zr,Ti)B2 Coating with Exceptional Ablation Resistance Induced by Unique Ti DissolvingJunshuai Lv0Wei Li1Yanqin Fu2Menglin Zhang3Lingxiang Guo4Fanyu Lu5Jiachen Li6Tao Li7Yulei Zhang8Hejun Li9Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light‐Weight Composites State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light‐Weight Composites State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of High Performance Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites Institute of Carbon Matrix Composites Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou 450046 ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light‐Weight Composites State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light‐Weight Composites State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light‐Weight Composites State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light‐Weight Composites State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of High Performance Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites Institute of Carbon Matrix Composites Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou 450046 ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light‐Weight Composites State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light‐Weight Composites State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 ChinaAbstract Multicomponent Ti‐containing ultra‐high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) have emerged as more promising ablation‐resistant materials than typical UHTCs for applications above 2000 °C. However, the underlying mechanism of Ti improving the ablation performance is still obscure. Here, (Hf,Zr,Ti)B2 coatings are fabricated by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying, and the effects of Ti content on the ablation performance under an oxyacetylene flame are investigated. The (Hf0.45Zr0.45Ti0.10)B2 coating shows superior ablation resistance and cycling reliability at ≈2200°C. A functionally graded oxide scale comprising an outer dense layer and an underlying fine granular layer formed. The former is a better oxygen barrier owing to fewer cracks and the latter has high strain tolerance due to finer grain size. The uniform dissolving of ≈4 mol% Ti in the inner layer results in grain refinement via sluggish diffusion and thus stress release. For the outer layer, Ti segregation at the nanoscale leads to a metastable cubic (Hf,Zr,Ti)O2 and local severe lattice distortion, inhibiting the propagation of cracks. Ti ions’ unique dissolving in the oxide scale enables a strong oxygen diffusion barrier with high strain tolerance, which is responsible for superior performance. This study provides new insights into the ablation behavior of Ti‐containing multicomponent UHTCs.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202411292ablation‐resistant materialsmulticomponent solid solutionsoxide scaleultra‐high temperature ceramics
spellingShingle Junshuai Lv
Wei Li
Yanqin Fu
Menglin Zhang
Lingxiang Guo
Fanyu Lu
Jiachen Li
Tao Li
Yulei Zhang
Hejun Li
Functionally Graded Oxide Scale on (Hf,Zr,Ti)B2 Coating with Exceptional Ablation Resistance Induced by Unique Ti Dissolving
Advanced Science
ablation‐resistant materials
multicomponent solid solutions
oxide scale
ultra‐high temperature ceramics
title Functionally Graded Oxide Scale on (Hf,Zr,Ti)B2 Coating with Exceptional Ablation Resistance Induced by Unique Ti Dissolving
title_full Functionally Graded Oxide Scale on (Hf,Zr,Ti)B2 Coating with Exceptional Ablation Resistance Induced by Unique Ti Dissolving
title_fullStr Functionally Graded Oxide Scale on (Hf,Zr,Ti)B2 Coating with Exceptional Ablation Resistance Induced by Unique Ti Dissolving
title_full_unstemmed Functionally Graded Oxide Scale on (Hf,Zr,Ti)B2 Coating with Exceptional Ablation Resistance Induced by Unique Ti Dissolving
title_short Functionally Graded Oxide Scale on (Hf,Zr,Ti)B2 Coating with Exceptional Ablation Resistance Induced by Unique Ti Dissolving
title_sort functionally graded oxide scale on hf zr ti b2 coating with exceptional ablation resistance induced by unique ti dissolving
topic ablation‐resistant materials
multicomponent solid solutions
oxide scale
ultra‐high temperature ceramics
url https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202411292
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