Inquisition of the Phytochemistry, Antioxidants, and Hemolytic and Antimicrobial Potential of Polar Extracts of Moringa oleifera Leaves Indigenously Grown in Pakistan

Phytochemicals and metabolites make Moringa oleifera (MO) a very nutritious vegetable tree with therapeutic properties. MO leaves contain phytochemicals that have anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antibacterial abilities. This study investigates the antibacterial, antioxidant, total p...

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Main Authors: Adil Jamal, Amina Arif, Shumaila Kiran, Muhammad Naveed Shahid, Md. Belal Hossain
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-01-01
Series:Journal of Chemistry
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/joch/9500215
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author Adil Jamal
Amina Arif
Shumaila Kiran
Muhammad Naveed Shahid
Md. Belal Hossain
author_facet Adil Jamal
Amina Arif
Shumaila Kiran
Muhammad Naveed Shahid
Md. Belal Hossain
author_sort Adil Jamal
collection DOAJ
description Phytochemicals and metabolites make Moringa oleifera (MO) a very nutritious vegetable tree with therapeutic properties. MO leaves contain phytochemicals that have anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antibacterial abilities. This study investigates the antibacterial, antioxidant, total phenolic, total flavonoid , and hemolytic and antimicrobial activities of MO leaf (MoLe) extracts grown indigenously in Pakistan. Phytochemical study utilizing qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of key phytochemical components such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, quinones, and terpenoids in organic solvents. Antioxidant (SOD, POD, and CAT) activities in the MoLe aqueous extract vary dose-dependently. Acetic acid extract endured the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), followed by n-hexane, chloroform, and butanol solvents. The current investigation suggests that all extracts have the ability, to varying extents, to function as radical scavengers because of the presence of polyphenolics. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity was observed to be significantly varied in all solvents, with the highest activity observed in acetic acid, methanol, and n-butanol. Maximum ZOI (mm) in Streptococcus pneumoniae (13 ± 1.24) and Staphylococcus aureus (17 ± 1.26) was marked by an aqueous solvent; likewise, Escherichia coli (13 ± 1.24) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15 ± 1.69) showed maximum ZOI by acetic acid and methanol, respectively. Additionally, the acetic acid extract showed significant inhibitory activity (ZOI, mm) against fungal pathogens Aspergillus fumigatus (22 ± 1.24), A. flavus (24 ± 1.24). Maximum hemolytic was documented by aqueous (0.51 ± 0.001) followed by acetic acid (0.38 + 0.003), whereas minimum one was exhibited by n-hexane (0.3 ± 0.002). Overall, the results indicated that MoLe is an excellent selection for elevated antioxidants, DPPH activity, and biological control of bacterial and fungal pathogens.
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spelling doaj-art-d5ad615f682941bbb6ac196fbd76d6452025-08-20T02:56:47ZengWileyJournal of Chemistry2090-90712024-01-01202410.1155/joch/9500215Inquisition of the Phytochemistry, Antioxidants, and Hemolytic and Antimicrobial Potential of Polar Extracts of Moringa oleifera Leaves Indigenously Grown in PakistanAdil Jamal0Amina Arif1Shumaila Kiran2Muhammad Naveed Shahid3Md. Belal Hossain4Faculty of SciencesFaculty of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Applied ChemistryDepartment of BotanyDepartment of Plant PathologyPhytochemicals and metabolites make Moringa oleifera (MO) a very nutritious vegetable tree with therapeutic properties. MO leaves contain phytochemicals that have anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antibacterial abilities. This study investigates the antibacterial, antioxidant, total phenolic, total flavonoid , and hemolytic and antimicrobial activities of MO leaf (MoLe) extracts grown indigenously in Pakistan. Phytochemical study utilizing qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of key phytochemical components such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, quinones, and terpenoids in organic solvents. Antioxidant (SOD, POD, and CAT) activities in the MoLe aqueous extract vary dose-dependently. Acetic acid extract endured the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), followed by n-hexane, chloroform, and butanol solvents. The current investigation suggests that all extracts have the ability, to varying extents, to function as radical scavengers because of the presence of polyphenolics. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity was observed to be significantly varied in all solvents, with the highest activity observed in acetic acid, methanol, and n-butanol. Maximum ZOI (mm) in Streptococcus pneumoniae (13 ± 1.24) and Staphylococcus aureus (17 ± 1.26) was marked by an aqueous solvent; likewise, Escherichia coli (13 ± 1.24) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15 ± 1.69) showed maximum ZOI by acetic acid and methanol, respectively. Additionally, the acetic acid extract showed significant inhibitory activity (ZOI, mm) against fungal pathogens Aspergillus fumigatus (22 ± 1.24), A. flavus (24 ± 1.24). Maximum hemolytic was documented by aqueous (0.51 ± 0.001) followed by acetic acid (0.38 + 0.003), whereas minimum one was exhibited by n-hexane (0.3 ± 0.002). Overall, the results indicated that MoLe is an excellent selection for elevated antioxidants, DPPH activity, and biological control of bacterial and fungal pathogens.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/joch/9500215
spellingShingle Adil Jamal
Amina Arif
Shumaila Kiran
Muhammad Naveed Shahid
Md. Belal Hossain
Inquisition of the Phytochemistry, Antioxidants, and Hemolytic and Antimicrobial Potential of Polar Extracts of Moringa oleifera Leaves Indigenously Grown in Pakistan
Journal of Chemistry
title Inquisition of the Phytochemistry, Antioxidants, and Hemolytic and Antimicrobial Potential of Polar Extracts of Moringa oleifera Leaves Indigenously Grown in Pakistan
title_full Inquisition of the Phytochemistry, Antioxidants, and Hemolytic and Antimicrobial Potential of Polar Extracts of Moringa oleifera Leaves Indigenously Grown in Pakistan
title_fullStr Inquisition of the Phytochemistry, Antioxidants, and Hemolytic and Antimicrobial Potential of Polar Extracts of Moringa oleifera Leaves Indigenously Grown in Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Inquisition of the Phytochemistry, Antioxidants, and Hemolytic and Antimicrobial Potential of Polar Extracts of Moringa oleifera Leaves Indigenously Grown in Pakistan
title_short Inquisition of the Phytochemistry, Antioxidants, and Hemolytic and Antimicrobial Potential of Polar Extracts of Moringa oleifera Leaves Indigenously Grown in Pakistan
title_sort inquisition of the phytochemistry antioxidants and hemolytic and antimicrobial potential of polar extracts of moringa oleifera leaves indigenously grown in pakistan
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/joch/9500215
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