Effects of Salicylic Acid and Microorganisms on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics (Satureja hortensis L.) under Drought Stress

Objective: As a critical limitation of plant growing, drought stress has always received a lot of attention from botanical researchers. This study intends to investigate the role of salicylic acid and the Mycorrhiza and Azotobacter bio-fertilizer on Satureja hortensis L. under drought stress. Materi...

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Main Authors: Mahmood Ghojavand, Porang Kasraei, Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam, Mohammad Nasri, Hamid Reza Larijani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Istanbul University Press 2023-06-01
Series:European Journal of Biology
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Online Access:https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8DF74516B8EE448DA817093615F9C8FA
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author Mahmood Ghojavand
Porang Kasraei
Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam
Mohammad Nasri
Hamid Reza Larijani
author_facet Mahmood Ghojavand
Porang Kasraei
Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam
Mohammad Nasri
Hamid Reza Larijani
author_sort Mahmood Ghojavand
collection DOAJ
description Objective: As a critical limitation of plant growing, drought stress has always received a lot of attention from botanical researchers. This study intends to investigate the role of salicylic acid and the Mycorrhiza and Azotobacter bio-fertilizer on Satureja hortensis L. under drought stress. Materials and Methods: Salicylic acid and bio-fertilizers have been shown to improve drought tolerance in growing plants. To evaluate the synergistic effect of salicylic acid, Azotobacter chroococcum bacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under drought stress (-3.5 atm: W1), (- 6.5 atm: W2), and (-10 atm: W3), a 2-year (2016 to 2018) field experiment was organized based on split-plot factorial statistical in a randomized complete block design, with three replicates. Results: The main findings of this study showed that the combinable use of bio-fertilizers and salicylic acid diminished the disadvantageous effects of drought stress. Co-application of bio- fertilizers and salicylic acid significantly increased chlorophyll a and b (22% and 31.5%), carotenoid (30.7%) contents, aerial fresh (38.3%) and dry (64.1%) weights, root fresh (55.8%), and dry (45%) weights, auxin (15%), percentage of essential oil (30.7%) in S. hortensis while it decreased the proline content (48.8%) under severe stress as compared to the control groups, which confirmed the efficacy of this approach and its role in drought tolerance. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that this new suggested treatment could effectively alleviate drought stress symptoms and improve S. hortensis growth under spreading drought conditions and limited water resources.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2618-6144
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publisher Istanbul University Press
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spelling doaj-art-d59bef3785d74a78af616157b043febb2025-08-20T03:48:45ZengIstanbul University PressEuropean Journal of Biology2618-61442023-06-01821122210.26650/EurJBiol.2023.1196479123456Effects of Salicylic Acid and Microorganisms on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics (Satureja hortensis L.) under Drought StressMahmood Ghojavand0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7336-0988Porang Kasraei1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5831-6604Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9759-9886Mohammad Nasri3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-3966Hamid Reza Larijani4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4010-5304Islamic Azad University, Tebriz, iranIslamic Azad University, Tebriz, iranIslamic Azad University, Tebriz, iranIslamic Azad University, Tebriz, iranIslamic Azad University, Tebriz, iranObjective: As a critical limitation of plant growing, drought stress has always received a lot of attention from botanical researchers. This study intends to investigate the role of salicylic acid and the Mycorrhiza and Azotobacter bio-fertilizer on Satureja hortensis L. under drought stress. Materials and Methods: Salicylic acid and bio-fertilizers have been shown to improve drought tolerance in growing plants. To evaluate the synergistic effect of salicylic acid, Azotobacter chroococcum bacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under drought stress (-3.5 atm: W1), (- 6.5 atm: W2), and (-10 atm: W3), a 2-year (2016 to 2018) field experiment was organized based on split-plot factorial statistical in a randomized complete block design, with three replicates. Results: The main findings of this study showed that the combinable use of bio-fertilizers and salicylic acid diminished the disadvantageous effects of drought stress. Co-application of bio- fertilizers and salicylic acid significantly increased chlorophyll a and b (22% and 31.5%), carotenoid (30.7%) contents, aerial fresh (38.3%) and dry (64.1%) weights, root fresh (55.8%), and dry (45%) weights, auxin (15%), percentage of essential oil (30.7%) in S. hortensis while it decreased the proline content (48.8%) under severe stress as compared to the control groups, which confirmed the efficacy of this approach and its role in drought tolerance. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that this new suggested treatment could effectively alleviate drought stress symptoms and improve S. hortensis growth under spreading drought conditions and limited water resources.https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8DF74516B8EE448DA817093615F9C8FAarbuscular mycorrhizal fungibio-fertilizersdrought stressphytohormonesatureja hortensis
spellingShingle Mahmood Ghojavand
Porang Kasraei
Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam
Mohammad Nasri
Hamid Reza Larijani
Effects of Salicylic Acid and Microorganisms on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics (Satureja hortensis L.) under Drought Stress
European Journal of Biology
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
bio-fertilizers
drought stress
phytohormone
satureja hortensis
title Effects of Salicylic Acid and Microorganisms on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics (Satureja hortensis L.) under Drought Stress
title_full Effects of Salicylic Acid and Microorganisms on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics (Satureja hortensis L.) under Drought Stress
title_fullStr Effects of Salicylic Acid and Microorganisms on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics (Satureja hortensis L.) under Drought Stress
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Salicylic Acid and Microorganisms on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics (Satureja hortensis L.) under Drought Stress
title_short Effects of Salicylic Acid and Microorganisms on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics (Satureja hortensis L.) under Drought Stress
title_sort effects of salicylic acid and microorganisms on morphological and physiological characteristics satureja hortensis l under drought stress
topic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
bio-fertilizers
drought stress
phytohormone
satureja hortensis
url https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8DF74516B8EE448DA817093615F9C8FA
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