Lithium Improves Survival of PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells in High-Density Cultures and after Exposure to Toxic Compounds
Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved mechanism that allows for the degradation of long-lived proteins and entire organelles which are driven to lysosomes for digestion. Different kinds of stressful conditions such as starvation are able to induce autophagy. Lithium and rapamycin are potent autopha...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2014-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Cell Biology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/135908 |
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| author | Cinzia Fabrizi Stefania De Vito Francesca Somma Elena Pompili Angela Catizone Stefano Leone Paola Lenzi Francesco Fornai Lorenzo Fumagalli |
| author_facet | Cinzia Fabrizi Stefania De Vito Francesca Somma Elena Pompili Angela Catizone Stefano Leone Paola Lenzi Francesco Fornai Lorenzo Fumagalli |
| author_sort | Cinzia Fabrizi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved mechanism that allows for the degradation of long-lived proteins and entire organelles which are driven to lysosomes for digestion. Different kinds of stressful conditions such as starvation are able to induce autophagy. Lithium and rapamycin are potent autophagy inducers with different molecular targets. Lithium stimulates autophagy by decreasing the intracellular myo-inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate levels, while rapamycin acts through the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The correlation between autophagy and cell death is still a matter of debate especially in transformed cells. In fact, the execution of autophagy can protect cells from death by promptly removing damaged organelles such as mitochondria. Nevertheless, an excessive use of the autophagic machinery can drive cells to death via a sort of self-cannibalism. Our data show that lithium (used within its therapeutic window) stimulates the overgrowth of the rat Pheochromocytoma cell line PC12. Besides, lithium and rapamycin protect PC12 cells from toxic compounds such as thapsigargin and trimethyltin. Taken together these data indicate that pharmacological activation of autophagy allows for the survival of Pheochromocytoma cells in stressful conditions such as high-density cultures and exposure to toxins. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d588da79b0324394b26e7ced11892dfc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-8876 1687-8884 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Cell Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-d588da79b0324394b26e7ced11892dfc2025-02-03T05:58:52ZengWileyInternational Journal of Cell Biology1687-88761687-88842014-01-01201410.1155/2014/135908135908Lithium Improves Survival of PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells in High-Density Cultures and after Exposure to Toxic CompoundsCinzia Fabrizi0Stefania De Vito1Francesca Somma2Elena Pompili3Angela Catizone4Stefano Leone5Paola Lenzi6Francesco Fornai7Lorenzo Fumagalli8Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, ItalyAutophagy is an evolutionary conserved mechanism that allows for the degradation of long-lived proteins and entire organelles which are driven to lysosomes for digestion. Different kinds of stressful conditions such as starvation are able to induce autophagy. Lithium and rapamycin are potent autophagy inducers with different molecular targets. Lithium stimulates autophagy by decreasing the intracellular myo-inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate levels, while rapamycin acts through the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The correlation between autophagy and cell death is still a matter of debate especially in transformed cells. In fact, the execution of autophagy can protect cells from death by promptly removing damaged organelles such as mitochondria. Nevertheless, an excessive use of the autophagic machinery can drive cells to death via a sort of self-cannibalism. Our data show that lithium (used within its therapeutic window) stimulates the overgrowth of the rat Pheochromocytoma cell line PC12. Besides, lithium and rapamycin protect PC12 cells from toxic compounds such as thapsigargin and trimethyltin. Taken together these data indicate that pharmacological activation of autophagy allows for the survival of Pheochromocytoma cells in stressful conditions such as high-density cultures and exposure to toxins.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/135908 |
| spellingShingle | Cinzia Fabrizi Stefania De Vito Francesca Somma Elena Pompili Angela Catizone Stefano Leone Paola Lenzi Francesco Fornai Lorenzo Fumagalli Lithium Improves Survival of PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells in High-Density Cultures and after Exposure to Toxic Compounds International Journal of Cell Biology |
| title | Lithium Improves Survival of PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells in High-Density Cultures and after Exposure to Toxic Compounds |
| title_full | Lithium Improves Survival of PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells in High-Density Cultures and after Exposure to Toxic Compounds |
| title_fullStr | Lithium Improves Survival of PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells in High-Density Cultures and after Exposure to Toxic Compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lithium Improves Survival of PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells in High-Density Cultures and after Exposure to Toxic Compounds |
| title_short | Lithium Improves Survival of PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells in High-Density Cultures and after Exposure to Toxic Compounds |
| title_sort | lithium improves survival of pc12 pheochromocytoma cells in high density cultures and after exposure to toxic compounds |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/135908 |
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