Innovative Supercritical Particle Formation for the Sustainable Manufacturing of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems

The Supercritical Particle Formation (SPAF) process represents a significant advancement in the development of drug delivery systems for both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Traditional manufacturing methods often face challenges such as residual solvent contamination, low reproducibi...

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Main Authors: Daniele Sofia, Massimo Moffa, Paolo Trucillo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. 2025-07-01
Series:Chemical Engineering Transactions
Online Access:https://www.cetjournal.it/index.php/cet/article/view/15445
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author Daniele Sofia
Massimo Moffa
Paolo Trucillo
author_facet Daniele Sofia
Massimo Moffa
Paolo Trucillo
author_sort Daniele Sofia
collection DOAJ
description The Supercritical Particle Formation (SPAF) process represents a significant advancement in the development of drug delivery systems for both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Traditional manufacturing methods often face challenges such as residual solvent contamination, low reproducibility, and limited versatility in bioactives encapsulation. On the contrary, SPAF exploits the benefits deriving from the use of supercritical fluids to remove solvent residue, thus resulting in a highly efficient, eco-friendly process, guaranteeing the coupling of several hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds with polymeric or lipidic carriers. This technique improves the yield at industrial level, without losing control over particle size distribution and morphology, release profile and cell bioavailability of active ingredients. The improved stability of SPAF products is guaranteed by the addition of a process unit, made of several freeze-dryers working in parallel, to transform the liquid suspension of carriers into powder stable over 2 years. The synergy between supercritical particle formation and lyophilization offers a successful platform to produce high-quality, ready-to-market drug delivery systems with improved pharmacokinetic properties. This study highlights yield, profit and environmental benefits of SPAF, positioning it as a valid alternative to conventional production techniques nowadays utilized by companies.
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spelling doaj-art-d57b25e1cf2f4dfdaaf7eaa6943eb3732025-08-20T03:15:35ZengAIDIC Servizi S.r.l.Chemical Engineering Transactions2283-92162025-07-01117Innovative Supercritical Particle Formation for the Sustainable Manufacturing of Advanced Drug Delivery SystemsDaniele SofiaMassimo MoffaPaolo TrucilloThe Supercritical Particle Formation (SPAF) process represents a significant advancement in the development of drug delivery systems for both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Traditional manufacturing methods often face challenges such as residual solvent contamination, low reproducibility, and limited versatility in bioactives encapsulation. On the contrary, SPAF exploits the benefits deriving from the use of supercritical fluids to remove solvent residue, thus resulting in a highly efficient, eco-friendly process, guaranteeing the coupling of several hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds with polymeric or lipidic carriers. This technique improves the yield at industrial level, without losing control over particle size distribution and morphology, release profile and cell bioavailability of active ingredients. The improved stability of SPAF products is guaranteed by the addition of a process unit, made of several freeze-dryers working in parallel, to transform the liquid suspension of carriers into powder stable over 2 years. The synergy between supercritical particle formation and lyophilization offers a successful platform to produce high-quality, ready-to-market drug delivery systems with improved pharmacokinetic properties. This study highlights yield, profit and environmental benefits of SPAF, positioning it as a valid alternative to conventional production techniques nowadays utilized by companies.https://www.cetjournal.it/index.php/cet/article/view/15445
spellingShingle Daniele Sofia
Massimo Moffa
Paolo Trucillo
Innovative Supercritical Particle Formation for the Sustainable Manufacturing of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Chemical Engineering Transactions
title Innovative Supercritical Particle Formation for the Sustainable Manufacturing of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
title_full Innovative Supercritical Particle Formation for the Sustainable Manufacturing of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
title_fullStr Innovative Supercritical Particle Formation for the Sustainable Manufacturing of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
title_full_unstemmed Innovative Supercritical Particle Formation for the Sustainable Manufacturing of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
title_short Innovative Supercritical Particle Formation for the Sustainable Manufacturing of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
title_sort innovative supercritical particle formation for the sustainable manufacturing of advanced drug delivery systems
url https://www.cetjournal.it/index.php/cet/article/view/15445
work_keys_str_mv AT danielesofia innovativesupercriticalparticleformationforthesustainablemanufacturingofadvanceddrugdeliverysystems
AT massimomoffa innovativesupercriticalparticleformationforthesustainablemanufacturingofadvanceddrugdeliverysystems
AT paolotrucillo innovativesupercriticalparticleformationforthesustainablemanufacturingofadvanceddrugdeliverysystems