Numerical Investigation of Factors Influencing Multiple Hydraulic Fracture Propagation from Directional Long Boreholes in Coal Seam Roofs

The hanging of hard roofs in coal seams poses a significant threat to the safe mining of coal. Hydraulic fracturing is an important method to achieve the pre-weakening of coal seam roofs. Clarifying the scope of hydraulic fracturing in coal seam roofs and its influencing factors is a prerequisite fo...

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Main Authors: Maolin Yang, Shuai Lv, Yu Meng, Xing Wang, Sicheng Wang, Jiangfu He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6521
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author Maolin Yang
Shuai Lv
Yu Meng
Xing Wang
Sicheng Wang
Jiangfu He
author_facet Maolin Yang
Shuai Lv
Yu Meng
Xing Wang
Sicheng Wang
Jiangfu He
author_sort Maolin Yang
collection DOAJ
description The hanging of hard roofs in coal seams poses a significant threat to the safe mining of coal. Hydraulic fracturing is an important method to achieve the pre-weakening of coal seam roofs. Clarifying the scope of hydraulic fracturing in coal seam roofs and its influencing factors is a prerequisite for ensuring the effectiveness of the pre-weakening process. In this paper, we developed a fluid–structure coupling numerical simulation model for hydraulic fracturing based on the element damage theory, and have systematically examined the effects of both engineering parameters and geological factors on the hydraulic fracture propagation behavior of the segmented fracturing of coal seam roofs. Results indicate that increasing the injection rate can significantly enhance fracture propagation length. A larger stress difference directs fractures along the maximum principal stress direction and effectively extends their length. Additionally, increasing the spacing between fracture stages reduces stress interference between clusters, leading to a transition from asymmetric to uniform fracture propagation. To validate the numerical simulation results, we conducted a field test on the hydraulic fracturing of the coal seam roof, and monitored the affected area by using transient electromagnetic and microseismic monitoring techniques. Monitoring results indicated that the effective impact range of field hydraulic fracturing was consistent with the numerical simulation results. Through the systematic monitoring of support resistance and coal body stress, the supporting resistance in the fractured zone decreased by 25.10%, and the coal seam stress in the fractured zone exhibited a 1 MPa reduction. Observations demonstrate the significant effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing in regional control of the coal seam roof. This study combines numerical simulation with engineering practice to investigate hydraulic fracturing performance under varying operational conditions, with the findings providing robust technical support for safe and efficient mining production.
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institution Kabale University
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spelling doaj-art-d575a4b87e814e80a3f8b84d306d8f5a2025-08-20T03:32:27ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-06-011512652110.3390/app15126521Numerical Investigation of Factors Influencing Multiple Hydraulic Fracture Propagation from Directional Long Boreholes in Coal Seam RoofsMaolin Yang0Shuai Lv1Yu Meng2Xing Wang3Sicheng Wang4Jiangfu He5Geotechnical Survey Company, CHN Energy Shendong Coal Group, Shenmu 719300, ChinaCHN Energy Shendong Technology Institute, Shenmu 719300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaThe hanging of hard roofs in coal seams poses a significant threat to the safe mining of coal. Hydraulic fracturing is an important method to achieve the pre-weakening of coal seam roofs. Clarifying the scope of hydraulic fracturing in coal seam roofs and its influencing factors is a prerequisite for ensuring the effectiveness of the pre-weakening process. In this paper, we developed a fluid–structure coupling numerical simulation model for hydraulic fracturing based on the element damage theory, and have systematically examined the effects of both engineering parameters and geological factors on the hydraulic fracture propagation behavior of the segmented fracturing of coal seam roofs. Results indicate that increasing the injection rate can significantly enhance fracture propagation length. A larger stress difference directs fractures along the maximum principal stress direction and effectively extends their length. Additionally, increasing the spacing between fracture stages reduces stress interference between clusters, leading to a transition from asymmetric to uniform fracture propagation. To validate the numerical simulation results, we conducted a field test on the hydraulic fracturing of the coal seam roof, and monitored the affected area by using transient electromagnetic and microseismic monitoring techniques. Monitoring results indicated that the effective impact range of field hydraulic fracturing was consistent with the numerical simulation results. Through the systematic monitoring of support resistance and coal body stress, the supporting resistance in the fractured zone decreased by 25.10%, and the coal seam stress in the fractured zone exhibited a 1 MPa reduction. Observations demonstrate the significant effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing in regional control of the coal seam roof. This study combines numerical simulation with engineering practice to investigate hydraulic fracturing performance under varying operational conditions, with the findings providing robust technical support for safe and efficient mining production.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6521hard roof controlhydraulic fracturingfracture propagationeffectiveness evaluation
spellingShingle Maolin Yang
Shuai Lv
Yu Meng
Xing Wang
Sicheng Wang
Jiangfu He
Numerical Investigation of Factors Influencing Multiple Hydraulic Fracture Propagation from Directional Long Boreholes in Coal Seam Roofs
Applied Sciences
hard roof control
hydraulic fracturing
fracture propagation
effectiveness evaluation
title Numerical Investigation of Factors Influencing Multiple Hydraulic Fracture Propagation from Directional Long Boreholes in Coal Seam Roofs
title_full Numerical Investigation of Factors Influencing Multiple Hydraulic Fracture Propagation from Directional Long Boreholes in Coal Seam Roofs
title_fullStr Numerical Investigation of Factors Influencing Multiple Hydraulic Fracture Propagation from Directional Long Boreholes in Coal Seam Roofs
title_full_unstemmed Numerical Investigation of Factors Influencing Multiple Hydraulic Fracture Propagation from Directional Long Boreholes in Coal Seam Roofs
title_short Numerical Investigation of Factors Influencing Multiple Hydraulic Fracture Propagation from Directional Long Boreholes in Coal Seam Roofs
title_sort numerical investigation of factors influencing multiple hydraulic fracture propagation from directional long boreholes in coal seam roofs
topic hard roof control
hydraulic fracturing
fracture propagation
effectiveness evaluation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6521
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