Recovery of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes from Nonporous Surfaces Based on Surface Sampler Type
Surface sampling devices ranging in material composition and size can be used in environmental monitoring programs. This study aimed to compare the bacterial recovery efficiency of surface samplers on stainless steel (SS) and polypropylene (PP) surfaces. Separate cocktails of Listeria monocytogenes...
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Food Protection |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X25001516 |
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| author | Zeynal Topalcengiz Sahaana Chandran Francis Torko Kristen E. Gibson |
| author_facet | Zeynal Topalcengiz Sahaana Chandran Francis Torko Kristen E. Gibson |
| author_sort | Zeynal Topalcengiz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Surface sampling devices ranging in material composition and size can be used in environmental monitoring programs. This study aimed to compare the bacterial recovery efficiency of surface samplers on stainless steel (SS) and polypropylene (PP) surfaces. Separate cocktails of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica strains were spot inoculated (1 mL; 40 spots × 25 μL) on SS and PP surfaces at high (7 log) and low (4 log) concentrations. A cellulose sponge sampler, polyurethane foam sponge sampler, and polyolefin nonwoven fabric sampler were utilized for bacteria recovery from SS and PP surfaces at two surface areas: 1× [929 cm2 (144 in2)] and 2× [1858 cm2 (288 in2)]. The effect of prewet volume (5 mL, 10 mL) on bacteria recovery from PP and SS was also investigated with the nonwoven fabric sampler at high inoculum level and 1× surface area. Three experimental trials were conducted totaling 336 samples, and recovery percentages were based on the CFU recovered divided by the initial CFU added to each surface. Statistical analysis was performed to determine whether sampler type, pathogen type, inoculum concentration, surface type, and surface area were significant predictors of recovery percentage. A significant five-way interaction (P = 0.0015) was observed between the predictor variables; therefore, no conclusions can be made regarding the main effects. The recovery percentage of L. monocytogenes was significantly higher than Salmonella from PP surfaces across all three sampler types. For the nonwoven fabric sampler, the 5 mL prewet volume yielded significantly higher recovery (P ≤ 0.05) for both bacteria combined at 10.66% (95% CI: 9.93, 11.44) compared to 3.09% (95% CI: 2.71, 3.52) recovery with the 10 mL prewet volume. However, the effect of volume on recovery depended on the interaction between surface type and inoculum level. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d565b0b974cc41a9bcd2e4104a625c63 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0362-028X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Journal of Food Protection |
| spelling | doaj-art-d565b0b974cc41a9bcd2e4104a625c632025-08-25T04:13:58ZengElsevierJournal of Food Protection0362-028X2025-09-01881010059910.1016/j.jfp.2025.100599Recovery of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes from Nonporous Surfaces Based on Surface Sampler TypeZeynal Topalcengiz0Sahaana Chandran1Francis Torko2Kristen E. Gibson3Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA; Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Muş Alparslan University, 49250 Muş, TürkiyeDepartment of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USADepartment of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USADepartment of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA; Corresponding author at: Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 1371 West Altheimer Dr., Fayetteville, AR 72704, United States.Surface sampling devices ranging in material composition and size can be used in environmental monitoring programs. This study aimed to compare the bacterial recovery efficiency of surface samplers on stainless steel (SS) and polypropylene (PP) surfaces. Separate cocktails of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica strains were spot inoculated (1 mL; 40 spots × 25 μL) on SS and PP surfaces at high (7 log) and low (4 log) concentrations. A cellulose sponge sampler, polyurethane foam sponge sampler, and polyolefin nonwoven fabric sampler were utilized for bacteria recovery from SS and PP surfaces at two surface areas: 1× [929 cm2 (144 in2)] and 2× [1858 cm2 (288 in2)]. The effect of prewet volume (5 mL, 10 mL) on bacteria recovery from PP and SS was also investigated with the nonwoven fabric sampler at high inoculum level and 1× surface area. Three experimental trials were conducted totaling 336 samples, and recovery percentages were based on the CFU recovered divided by the initial CFU added to each surface. Statistical analysis was performed to determine whether sampler type, pathogen type, inoculum concentration, surface type, and surface area were significant predictors of recovery percentage. A significant five-way interaction (P = 0.0015) was observed between the predictor variables; therefore, no conclusions can be made regarding the main effects. The recovery percentage of L. monocytogenes was significantly higher than Salmonella from PP surfaces across all three sampler types. For the nonwoven fabric sampler, the 5 mL prewet volume yielded significantly higher recovery (P ≤ 0.05) for both bacteria combined at 10.66% (95% CI: 9.93, 11.44) compared to 3.09% (95% CI: 2.71, 3.52) recovery with the 10 mL prewet volume. However, the effect of volume on recovery depended on the interaction between surface type and inoculum level.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X25001516Food-contact surfaceNonwoven fabric samplerPathogenPolypropyleneSponge samplerStainless steel |
| spellingShingle | Zeynal Topalcengiz Sahaana Chandran Francis Torko Kristen E. Gibson Recovery of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes from Nonporous Surfaces Based on Surface Sampler Type Journal of Food Protection Food-contact surface Nonwoven fabric sampler Pathogen Polypropylene Sponge sampler Stainless steel |
| title | Recovery of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes from Nonporous Surfaces Based on Surface Sampler Type |
| title_full | Recovery of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes from Nonporous Surfaces Based on Surface Sampler Type |
| title_fullStr | Recovery of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes from Nonporous Surfaces Based on Surface Sampler Type |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recovery of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes from Nonporous Surfaces Based on Surface Sampler Type |
| title_short | Recovery of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes from Nonporous Surfaces Based on Surface Sampler Type |
| title_sort | recovery of salmonella and listeria monocytogenes from nonporous surfaces based on surface sampler type |
| topic | Food-contact surface Nonwoven fabric sampler Pathogen Polypropylene Sponge sampler Stainless steel |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X25001516 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zeynaltopalcengiz recoveryofsalmonellaandlisteriamonocytogenesfromnonporoussurfacesbasedonsurfacesamplertype AT sahaanachandran recoveryofsalmonellaandlisteriamonocytogenesfromnonporoussurfacesbasedonsurfacesamplertype AT francistorko recoveryofsalmonellaandlisteriamonocytogenesfromnonporoussurfacesbasedonsurfacesamplertype AT kristenegibson recoveryofsalmonellaandlisteriamonocytogenesfromnonporoussurfacesbasedonsurfacesamplertype |