Biomimetic Approaches in the Development of Optimised 3D Culture Environments for Drug Discovery in Cardiac Disease
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide, yet despite massive investment in drug discovery, the progress of cardiovascular drugs from lab to clinic remains slow. It is a complex, costly pathway from drug discovery to the clinic and failure becomes more expensive as a drug...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Biomimetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/10/4/204 |
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| author | Jenny Shepherd |
| author_facet | Jenny Shepherd |
| author_sort | Jenny Shepherd |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide, yet despite massive investment in drug discovery, the progress of cardiovascular drugs from lab to clinic remains slow. It is a complex, costly pathway from drug discovery to the clinic and failure becomes more expensive as a drug progresses along this pathway. The focus has begun to shift to optimisation of in vitro culture methodologies, not only because these must be undertaken are earlier on in the drug discovery pathway, but also because the principles of the 3Rs have become embedded in national and international legislation and regulation. Numerous studies have shown myocyte cell behaviour to be much more physiologically relevant in 3D culture compared to 2D culture, highlighting the advantages of using 3D-based models, whether microfluidic or otherwise, for preclinical drug screening. This review aims to provide an overview of the challenges in cardiovascular drug discovery, the limitations of traditional routes, and the successes in the field of preclinical models for cardiovascular drug discovery. It focuses on the particular role biomimicry can play, but also the challenges around implementation within commercial drug discovery. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d55a91e0aa6b4479b83d85569499d481 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2313-7673 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomimetics |
| spelling | doaj-art-d55a91e0aa6b4479b83d85569499d4812025-08-20T03:14:23ZengMDPI AGBiomimetics2313-76732025-03-0110420410.3390/biomimetics10040204Biomimetic Approaches in the Development of Optimised 3D Culture Environments for Drug Discovery in Cardiac DiseaseJenny Shepherd0School of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UKCardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide, yet despite massive investment in drug discovery, the progress of cardiovascular drugs from lab to clinic remains slow. It is a complex, costly pathway from drug discovery to the clinic and failure becomes more expensive as a drug progresses along this pathway. The focus has begun to shift to optimisation of in vitro culture methodologies, not only because these must be undertaken are earlier on in the drug discovery pathway, but also because the principles of the 3Rs have become embedded in national and international legislation and regulation. Numerous studies have shown myocyte cell behaviour to be much more physiologically relevant in 3D culture compared to 2D culture, highlighting the advantages of using 3D-based models, whether microfluidic or otherwise, for preclinical drug screening. This review aims to provide an overview of the challenges in cardiovascular drug discovery, the limitations of traditional routes, and the successes in the field of preclinical models for cardiovascular drug discovery. It focuses on the particular role biomimicry can play, but also the challenges around implementation within commercial drug discovery.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/10/4/204drug discoverycardiac disease3D culturebiomimetics |
| spellingShingle | Jenny Shepherd Biomimetic Approaches in the Development of Optimised 3D Culture Environments for Drug Discovery in Cardiac Disease Biomimetics drug discovery cardiac disease 3D culture biomimetics |
| title | Biomimetic Approaches in the Development of Optimised 3D Culture Environments for Drug Discovery in Cardiac Disease |
| title_full | Biomimetic Approaches in the Development of Optimised 3D Culture Environments for Drug Discovery in Cardiac Disease |
| title_fullStr | Biomimetic Approaches in the Development of Optimised 3D Culture Environments for Drug Discovery in Cardiac Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomimetic Approaches in the Development of Optimised 3D Culture Environments for Drug Discovery in Cardiac Disease |
| title_short | Biomimetic Approaches in the Development of Optimised 3D Culture Environments for Drug Discovery in Cardiac Disease |
| title_sort | biomimetic approaches in the development of optimised 3d culture environments for drug discovery in cardiac disease |
| topic | drug discovery cardiac disease 3D culture biomimetics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/10/4/204 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jennyshepherd biomimeticapproachesinthedevelopmentofoptimised3dcultureenvironmentsfordrugdiscoveryincardiacdisease |