Factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital in northern Uganda

Abstract Background All pregnant mothers in Uganda are given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar®) for presumptive treatment of malaria in pregnancy from 14 weeks of gestation, every four weeks, until delivery. However, prenatal mothers still fall sick of malaria. This study aimed to assess the...

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Main Authors: Solomon Oguta, Brian Serumaga, Lameck Odongo, Donald Otika, Jackline Ayikoru, Raymond Otim, Jimmyy Opee, Baifa Arwinyo, Francis Pebolo Pebalo, Vincentina Achora, Sande Ojara, Benard Abola, Silvia Awor
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:Malaria Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-05184-7
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author Solomon Oguta
Brian Serumaga
Lameck Odongo
Donald Otika
Jackline Ayikoru
Raymond Otim
Jimmyy Opee
Baifa Arwinyo
Francis Pebolo Pebalo
Vincentina Achora
Sande Ojara
Benard Abola
Silvia Awor
author_facet Solomon Oguta
Brian Serumaga
Lameck Odongo
Donald Otika
Jackline Ayikoru
Raymond Otim
Jimmyy Opee
Baifa Arwinyo
Francis Pebolo Pebalo
Vincentina Achora
Sande Ojara
Benard Abola
Silvia Awor
author_sort Solomon Oguta
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background All pregnant mothers in Uganda are given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar®) for presumptive treatment of malaria in pregnancy from 14 weeks of gestation, every four weeks, until delivery. However, prenatal mothers still fall sick of malaria. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital. Methods This was a cross-sectional study at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital antenatal clinic from July to August 2023. Consecutive sampling was used. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics, physical examination findings and blood samples taken for rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria. A positive RDT was taken as the presence of malaria infection in pregnancy. Data was pre-processed in STATA®15, and logistic regression analysis was done in RStudio 4.2.2. Variables with p < 0.05 were taken as independently associated with malaria in pregnancy and reported as adjusted risk ratios (aRR). Results Three hundred fifty (350) pregnant women were recruited; 96% of them slept under mosquito nets daily, while more than half of them (51.7%) had not yet taken SP (IPTp) during their current pregnancy. Prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dl) was 46.0%. Twenty-four per cent of the mothers were in the first trimester, 56.3% in the second and 19.7% in the third. The prevalence of malaria in pregnancy was 39.7% (95% CI 34.5–45.1%), equally distributed throughout the trimesters. Anaemia (aRR = 4.99, 95%CI 3.10–8.05, p < 0.001) and tertiary level of education (aRR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.14–0.62, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with malaria in pregnancy. Not sleeping under a mosquito net (aRR = 3.79, 95% CI 0.95–15.16, p = 0.059) may be a factor associated with malaria in pregnancy. Conclusion Four in every ten mothers had malaria infection, with anaemia being a risk factor, while a tertiary level of education was protective against malaria in pregnancy.
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spelling doaj-art-d5583fec5e9b4473820ef5de790bbe362025-08-20T02:22:28ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752024-11-012311610.1186/s12936-024-05184-7Factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital in northern UgandaSolomon Oguta0Brian Serumaga1Lameck Odongo2Donald Otika3Jackline Ayikoru4Raymond Otim5Jimmyy Opee6Baifa Arwinyo7Francis Pebolo Pebalo8Vincentina Achora9Sande Ojara10Benard Abola11Silvia Awor12Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu UniversityMedical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu UniversityMedical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu UniversityMedical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu UniversityDepartment of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu UniversityDepartment of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu UniversityDepartment of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu UniversityDepartment of Reproductive Health, Gulu Regional Referral HospitalDepartment of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu UniversityDepartment of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu UniversityDepartment of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu UniversityDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Gulu UniversityDepartment of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu UniversityAbstract Background All pregnant mothers in Uganda are given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar®) for presumptive treatment of malaria in pregnancy from 14 weeks of gestation, every four weeks, until delivery. However, prenatal mothers still fall sick of malaria. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital. Methods This was a cross-sectional study at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital antenatal clinic from July to August 2023. Consecutive sampling was used. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics, physical examination findings and blood samples taken for rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria. A positive RDT was taken as the presence of malaria infection in pregnancy. Data was pre-processed in STATA®15, and logistic regression analysis was done in RStudio 4.2.2. Variables with p < 0.05 were taken as independently associated with malaria in pregnancy and reported as adjusted risk ratios (aRR). Results Three hundred fifty (350) pregnant women were recruited; 96% of them slept under mosquito nets daily, while more than half of them (51.7%) had not yet taken SP (IPTp) during their current pregnancy. Prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dl) was 46.0%. Twenty-four per cent of the mothers were in the first trimester, 56.3% in the second and 19.7% in the third. The prevalence of malaria in pregnancy was 39.7% (95% CI 34.5–45.1%), equally distributed throughout the trimesters. Anaemia (aRR = 4.99, 95%CI 3.10–8.05, p < 0.001) and tertiary level of education (aRR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.14–0.62, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with malaria in pregnancy. Not sleeping under a mosquito net (aRR = 3.79, 95% CI 0.95–15.16, p = 0.059) may be a factor associated with malaria in pregnancy. Conclusion Four in every ten mothers had malaria infection, with anaemia being a risk factor, while a tertiary level of education was protective against malaria in pregnancy.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-05184-7MalariaPregnancyGuluUgandaAfrica
spellingShingle Solomon Oguta
Brian Serumaga
Lameck Odongo
Donald Otika
Jackline Ayikoru
Raymond Otim
Jimmyy Opee
Baifa Arwinyo
Francis Pebolo Pebalo
Vincentina Achora
Sande Ojara
Benard Abola
Silvia Awor
Factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital in northern Uganda
Malaria Journal
Malaria
Pregnancy
Gulu
Uganda
Africa
title Factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital in northern Uganda
title_full Factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital in northern Uganda
title_fullStr Factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital in northern Uganda
title_full_unstemmed Factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital in northern Uganda
title_short Factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital in northern Uganda
title_sort factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at gulu regional referral hospital in northern uganda
topic Malaria
Pregnancy
Gulu
Uganda
Africa
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-05184-7
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