Comparison of Different Variants of Intermediate Cluster Disinfection

Intermediate cluster disinfection plays a vital role in preventing the transmission of mastitis pathogens during milking. This study evaluates the efficacy of different disinfection methods on teat liners through a randomized controlled field trial conducted on three dairy farms in Germany. The trea...

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Main Authors: Muriel Schulze, Franziska Nankemann, Anne Tellen, Julia Nitz, Yanchao Zhang, Stefanie Leimbach, Volker Krömker
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Hygiene
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-947X/5/1/12
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author Muriel Schulze
Franziska Nankemann
Anne Tellen
Julia Nitz
Yanchao Zhang
Stefanie Leimbach
Volker Krömker
author_facet Muriel Schulze
Franziska Nankemann
Anne Tellen
Julia Nitz
Yanchao Zhang
Stefanie Leimbach
Volker Krömker
author_sort Muriel Schulze
collection DOAJ
description Intermediate cluster disinfection plays a vital role in preventing the transmission of mastitis pathogens during milking. This study evaluates the efficacy of different disinfection methods on teat liners through a randomized controlled field trial conducted on three dairy farms in Germany. The treatments assessed included dipping the liners in water, peracetic acid solution (PAS, 0.1%), and plasma-activated buffered solution (PABS). Total bacterial count (TBC) and the bacterial load of presumptive <i>Staphylococcus (S.) aureus</i> were measured using the wet–dry swab method. The results showed that PAS significantly reduced both TBC and <i>S. aureus</i> by 90% and 99%, respectively. PABS also demonstrated a significant reduction in the bacterial load of <i>S. aureus</i>. In contrast, dipping in water had no significant effect on either TBC or <i>S. aureus</i> bacterial counts. This study suggests that while PAS is the more effective disinfectant, PABS may offer an alternative with some antimicrobial activity. Further research on intermediate cluster disinfection in general is necessary to optimize its application and assess its long-term effectiveness in dairy farming practices.
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series Hygiene
spelling doaj-art-d545d0013cf2488f8d2c90c272cf4c1a2025-08-20T02:11:14ZengMDPI AGHygiene2673-947X2025-03-01511210.3390/hygiene5010012Comparison of Different Variants of Intermediate Cluster DisinfectionMuriel Schulze0Franziska Nankemann1Anne Tellen2Julia Nitz3Yanchao Zhang4Stefanie Leimbach5Volker Krömker6Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Mechanical and Bioprocess Engineering, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Heisterbergallee 10a, 30453 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Mechanical and Bioprocess Engineering, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Heisterbergallee 10a, 30453 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Mechanical and Bioprocess Engineering, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Heisterbergallee 10a, 30453 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Mechanical and Bioprocess Engineering, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Heisterbergallee 10a, 30453 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Mechanical and Bioprocess Engineering, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Heisterbergallee 10a, 30453 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Mechanical and Bioprocess Engineering, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Heisterbergallee 10a, 30453 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Mechanical and Bioprocess Engineering, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Heisterbergallee 10a, 30453 Hannover, GermanyIntermediate cluster disinfection plays a vital role in preventing the transmission of mastitis pathogens during milking. This study evaluates the efficacy of different disinfection methods on teat liners through a randomized controlled field trial conducted on three dairy farms in Germany. The treatments assessed included dipping the liners in water, peracetic acid solution (PAS, 0.1%), and plasma-activated buffered solution (PABS). Total bacterial count (TBC) and the bacterial load of presumptive <i>Staphylococcus (S.) aureus</i> were measured using the wet–dry swab method. The results showed that PAS significantly reduced both TBC and <i>S. aureus</i> by 90% and 99%, respectively. PABS also demonstrated a significant reduction in the bacterial load of <i>S. aureus</i>. In contrast, dipping in water had no significant effect on either TBC or <i>S. aureus</i> bacterial counts. This study suggests that while PAS is the more effective disinfectant, PABS may offer an alternative with some antimicrobial activity. Further research on intermediate cluster disinfection in general is necessary to optimize its application and assess its long-term effectiveness in dairy farming practices.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-947X/5/1/12intermediate cluster disinfectionplasma-activated buffered solutionperacetic acid solution
spellingShingle Muriel Schulze
Franziska Nankemann
Anne Tellen
Julia Nitz
Yanchao Zhang
Stefanie Leimbach
Volker Krömker
Comparison of Different Variants of Intermediate Cluster Disinfection
Hygiene
intermediate cluster disinfection
plasma-activated buffered solution
peracetic acid solution
title Comparison of Different Variants of Intermediate Cluster Disinfection
title_full Comparison of Different Variants of Intermediate Cluster Disinfection
title_fullStr Comparison of Different Variants of Intermediate Cluster Disinfection
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of Different Variants of Intermediate Cluster Disinfection
title_short Comparison of Different Variants of Intermediate Cluster Disinfection
title_sort comparison of different variants of intermediate cluster disinfection
topic intermediate cluster disinfection
plasma-activated buffered solution
peracetic acid solution
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-947X/5/1/12
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AT annetellen comparisonofdifferentvariantsofintermediateclusterdisinfection
AT julianitz comparisonofdifferentvariantsofintermediateclusterdisinfection
AT yanchaozhang comparisonofdifferentvariantsofintermediateclusterdisinfection
AT stefanieleimbach comparisonofdifferentvariantsofintermediateclusterdisinfection
AT volkerkromker comparisonofdifferentvariantsofintermediateclusterdisinfection