Atmospheric Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in a Tropical Megalopolis of Vietnam: Concentrations, Potential Sources, and Health Risk
Abstract In this study, 75 congeners of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs - the new persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention) were firstly analyzed in ambient air samples collected at five sites in Vietnam. Results indicated that the concentration of total PCNs ranged from 56.8...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2024-06-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.240047 |
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| author | Ngo Thi Thuan Nguyen Duy Dat Nguyen Minh Ngoc Nhung Thi-Tuyet Hoang To Thi Hien Moo Been Chang |
| author_facet | Ngo Thi Thuan Nguyen Duy Dat Nguyen Minh Ngoc Nhung Thi-Tuyet Hoang To Thi Hien Moo Been Chang |
| author_sort | Ngo Thi Thuan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In this study, 75 congeners of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs - the new persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention) were firstly analyzed in ambient air samples collected at five sites in Vietnam. Results indicated that the concentration of total PCNs ranged from 56.8 to 263 (pg m–3) in the dry season and 12.9 to 208 (pg m–3) in the rainy season. Gaseous PCNs dominated in both seasons, however, the contribution of particulate PCNs increased in the rainy season. Two typical homologue profiles were found in ambient air samples, including low-chlorinated PCNs (monoCNs > diCNs > triCNs) and medium-chlorinated PCNs (tetraCNs > triCNs). Principal component analysis indicated that atmospheric PCNs might be derived from three typical sources including evaporation from products containing PCNs (42.7%), primary emission from combustion-related sources (20.8%), and flue gas after treatment (11.9%). Cluster analysis and diagnostic ratios of typical PCNs indicated that PCNs in each sample might be contributed by different sources with varying magnitudes. The results of the health risk assessment reveal that low risk is associated with atmospheric PCNs in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. This study provides useful information on the characteristics of PCNs in Vietnam, thereby bridging the knowledge divide regarding the pollution of new POPs in developing countries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d544ebc823854074a34139309ea8c2cd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-06-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-d544ebc823854074a34139309ea8c2cd2025-02-09T12:24:26ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092024-06-0124811710.4209/aaqr.240047Atmospheric Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in a Tropical Megalopolis of Vietnam: Concentrations, Potential Sources, and Health RiskNgo Thi Thuan0Nguyen Duy Dat1Nguyen Minh Ngoc2Nhung Thi-Tuyet Hoang3To Thi Hien4Moo Been Chang5School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, International UniversityFaculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and EducationVietnam National UniversityFaculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and EducationVietnam National UniversityGraduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University (NCU)Abstract In this study, 75 congeners of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs - the new persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention) were firstly analyzed in ambient air samples collected at five sites in Vietnam. Results indicated that the concentration of total PCNs ranged from 56.8 to 263 (pg m–3) in the dry season and 12.9 to 208 (pg m–3) in the rainy season. Gaseous PCNs dominated in both seasons, however, the contribution of particulate PCNs increased in the rainy season. Two typical homologue profiles were found in ambient air samples, including low-chlorinated PCNs (monoCNs > diCNs > triCNs) and medium-chlorinated PCNs (tetraCNs > triCNs). Principal component analysis indicated that atmospheric PCNs might be derived from three typical sources including evaporation from products containing PCNs (42.7%), primary emission from combustion-related sources (20.8%), and flue gas after treatment (11.9%). Cluster analysis and diagnostic ratios of typical PCNs indicated that PCNs in each sample might be contributed by different sources with varying magnitudes. The results of the health risk assessment reveal that low risk is associated with atmospheric PCNs in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. This study provides useful information on the characteristics of PCNs in Vietnam, thereby bridging the knowledge divide regarding the pollution of new POPs in developing countries.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.240047Air pollutionDioxin-like compoundsHealth risk assessmentHo Chi Minh CityPCNs |
| spellingShingle | Ngo Thi Thuan Nguyen Duy Dat Nguyen Minh Ngoc Nhung Thi-Tuyet Hoang To Thi Hien Moo Been Chang Atmospheric Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in a Tropical Megalopolis of Vietnam: Concentrations, Potential Sources, and Health Risk Aerosol and Air Quality Research Air pollution Dioxin-like compounds Health risk assessment Ho Chi Minh City PCNs |
| title | Atmospheric Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in a Tropical Megalopolis of Vietnam: Concentrations, Potential Sources, and Health Risk |
| title_full | Atmospheric Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in a Tropical Megalopolis of Vietnam: Concentrations, Potential Sources, and Health Risk |
| title_fullStr | Atmospheric Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in a Tropical Megalopolis of Vietnam: Concentrations, Potential Sources, and Health Risk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Atmospheric Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in a Tropical Megalopolis of Vietnam: Concentrations, Potential Sources, and Health Risk |
| title_short | Atmospheric Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in a Tropical Megalopolis of Vietnam: Concentrations, Potential Sources, and Health Risk |
| title_sort | atmospheric polychlorinated naphthalenes in a tropical megalopolis of vietnam concentrations potential sources and health risk |
| topic | Air pollution Dioxin-like compounds Health risk assessment Ho Chi Minh City PCNs |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.240047 |
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