<i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. Herb Extract, Its Amino Acids Preparations and 3D-Printed Dosage Forms: Phytochemical, Technological, Molecular Docking and Pharmacological Research
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: The Canadian goldenrod (<i>Solidago canadensis</i> L.) is one of the most widespread species of the genus <i>Solidago</i> from the Asteraceae family. It has a rich composition of biologically active compounds and is traditionally used...
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| author | Oleh Koshovyi Yurii Hrytsyk Lina Perekhoda Marharyta Suleiman Valdas Jakštas Vaidotas Žvikas Lyubov Grytsyk Oksana Yurchyshyn Jyrki Heinämäki Ain Raal |
| author_facet | Oleh Koshovyi Yurii Hrytsyk Lina Perekhoda Marharyta Suleiman Valdas Jakštas Vaidotas Žvikas Lyubov Grytsyk Oksana Yurchyshyn Jyrki Heinämäki Ain Raal |
| author_sort | Oleh Koshovyi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: The Canadian goldenrod (<i>Solidago canadensis</i> L.) is one of the most widespread species of the genus <i>Solidago</i> from the Asteraceae family. It has a rich composition of biologically active compounds and is traditionally used to address kidney, urinary tract, and liver diseases. Previously, it was proven that the <i>S. canadensis</i> extract obtained with a 40% ethanol solution had the most promising anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity. Therefore, this extract was selected for the further formulation of amino acid preparations and 3D-printed dosage forms. The aims of the present study were to investigate the chemical composition, toxicity, and antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activity of <i>S. canadensis</i> dry extract, its amino acid preparations, and 3D-printed dosage forms. <b>Results</b>: A total of 18 phenolic compounds and 14 amino acids were determined in the extracts. The <i>S. canadensis</i> herb extracts were verified to be practically non-toxic preparations (toxicity class V, LD₅₀ > 5000 mg/kg). They also showed moderate antimicrobial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis,</i> and β-hemolytic <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>. The most pronounced hepatoprotective activity was observed with <i>S. canadensis</i> herb extract and its amino acid preparations with phenylalanine, alanine, and lysine at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight. The most pronounced anti-inflammatory activity was found with <i>S. canadensis</i> herb extract and its preparation with arginine. According to the calculated docking score array and the analysis of binding modes in the active sites of COX-1 and COX-2, the flavonoid fraction and caffeic acid in the <i>S. canadensis</i> extracts presented moderate inhibitory activity. <b>Conclusions</b>: The development of innovative 3D-printed oral dosage forms represents a promising strategy to formulate dietary supplements or pharmaceutical preparations for these herbal extracts. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d544724efd3941ea839837bf9ff72abc |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-d544724efd3941ea839837bf9ff72abc2025-08-20T02:28:28ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232025-03-0117440710.3390/pharmaceutics17040407<i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. Herb Extract, Its Amino Acids Preparations and 3D-Printed Dosage Forms: Phytochemical, Technological, Molecular Docking and Pharmacological ResearchOleh Koshovyi0Yurii Hrytsyk1Lina Perekhoda2Marharyta Suleiman3Valdas Jakštas4Vaidotas Žvikas5Lyubov Grytsyk6Oksana Yurchyshyn7Jyrki Heinämäki8Ain Raal9Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Management, Drug Technology and Pharmacognosy, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, 76018 Ivano-Frankivsk, UkraineDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 61002 Kharkiv, UkraineDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 61002 Kharkiv, UkraineInstitute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, LithuaniaInstitute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Analysis and Postgraduate Education, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, 76018 Ivano-Frankivsk, UkraineDepartment of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, 76018 Ivano-Frankivsk, UkraineInstitute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaInstitute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia<b>Background/Objectives</b>: The Canadian goldenrod (<i>Solidago canadensis</i> L.) is one of the most widespread species of the genus <i>Solidago</i> from the Asteraceae family. It has a rich composition of biologically active compounds and is traditionally used to address kidney, urinary tract, and liver diseases. Previously, it was proven that the <i>S. canadensis</i> extract obtained with a 40% ethanol solution had the most promising anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity. Therefore, this extract was selected for the further formulation of amino acid preparations and 3D-printed dosage forms. The aims of the present study were to investigate the chemical composition, toxicity, and antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activity of <i>S. canadensis</i> dry extract, its amino acid preparations, and 3D-printed dosage forms. <b>Results</b>: A total of 18 phenolic compounds and 14 amino acids were determined in the extracts. The <i>S. canadensis</i> herb extracts were verified to be practically non-toxic preparations (toxicity class V, LD₅₀ > 5000 mg/kg). They also showed moderate antimicrobial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis,</i> and β-hemolytic <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>. The most pronounced hepatoprotective activity was observed with <i>S. canadensis</i> herb extract and its amino acid preparations with phenylalanine, alanine, and lysine at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight. The most pronounced anti-inflammatory activity was found with <i>S. canadensis</i> herb extract and its preparation with arginine. According to the calculated docking score array and the analysis of binding modes in the active sites of COX-1 and COX-2, the flavonoid fraction and caffeic acid in the <i>S. canadensis</i> extracts presented moderate inhibitory activity. <b>Conclusions</b>: The development of innovative 3D-printed oral dosage forms represents a promising strategy to formulate dietary supplements or pharmaceutical preparations for these herbal extracts.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/4/407Canadian goldenrodmodified dry extractphenolicsamino acidmolecular dockingantibacterial effect |
| spellingShingle | Oleh Koshovyi Yurii Hrytsyk Lina Perekhoda Marharyta Suleiman Valdas Jakštas Vaidotas Žvikas Lyubov Grytsyk Oksana Yurchyshyn Jyrki Heinämäki Ain Raal <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. Herb Extract, Its Amino Acids Preparations and 3D-Printed Dosage Forms: Phytochemical, Technological, Molecular Docking and Pharmacological Research Pharmaceutics Canadian goldenrod modified dry extract phenolics amino acid molecular docking antibacterial effect |
| title | <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. Herb Extract, Its Amino Acids Preparations and 3D-Printed Dosage Forms: Phytochemical, Technological, Molecular Docking and Pharmacological Research |
| title_full | <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. Herb Extract, Its Amino Acids Preparations and 3D-Printed Dosage Forms: Phytochemical, Technological, Molecular Docking and Pharmacological Research |
| title_fullStr | <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. Herb Extract, Its Amino Acids Preparations and 3D-Printed Dosage Forms: Phytochemical, Technological, Molecular Docking and Pharmacological Research |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. Herb Extract, Its Amino Acids Preparations and 3D-Printed Dosage Forms: Phytochemical, Technological, Molecular Docking and Pharmacological Research |
| title_short | <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. Herb Extract, Its Amino Acids Preparations and 3D-Printed Dosage Forms: Phytochemical, Technological, Molecular Docking and Pharmacological Research |
| title_sort | i solidago canadensis i l herb extract its amino acids preparations and 3d printed dosage forms phytochemical technological molecular docking and pharmacological research |
| topic | Canadian goldenrod modified dry extract phenolics amino acid molecular docking antibacterial effect |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/4/407 |
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