Organic Zinc and Selenium Supplementation of Late Lactation Dairy Cows: Effects on Milk and Serum Minerals Bioavailability, Animal Health and Milk Quality
This study determined whether organic zinc and selenium supplementation of late lactation dairy cows positively affects immunity, oxidative status, milk quality (especially mineral levels), biochemical and hematologic parameters, and production efficiency. Twenty Jersey cows were divided into three...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| author | Gabriel S. Klein Karoline W. Leal Camila A. Rodrigues Taynara M. R. Draszevski Andrei L. R. Brunetto Maksuel G. Vitt Mathias S. Klein Vitoria H. Cauduro Erico M. M. Flores Gilnei B. da Silva Margarete D. Bagatini Alana B. de M. Chitolina Matheus D. Baldissera Aleksandro S. Da Silva |
| author_facet | Gabriel S. Klein Karoline W. Leal Camila A. Rodrigues Taynara M. R. Draszevski Andrei L. R. Brunetto Maksuel G. Vitt Mathias S. Klein Vitoria H. Cauduro Erico M. M. Flores Gilnei B. da Silva Margarete D. Bagatini Alana B. de M. Chitolina Matheus D. Baldissera Aleksandro S. Da Silva |
| author_sort | Gabriel S. Klein |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study determined whether organic zinc and selenium supplementation of late lactation dairy cows positively affects immunity, oxidative status, milk quality (especially mineral levels), biochemical and hematologic parameters, and production efficiency. Twenty Jersey cows were divided into three groups: Control (n = 6)—without organic supplementation; Zinc (n = 7)—zinc supplementation (zinc amino acid chelate) and Selenium (n = 7)—selenium supplementation (selenium amino acid complex). The basal diet contained inorganic minerals. Blood and milk samples were collected on days 1, 14 and 28. Serum selenium concentration was higher in the Selenium group, and zinc level in milk was higher in the Zinc group. On day 28, supplementations resulted in higher lymphocyte counts, and lower serum creatine kinase, myeloperoxidase activity, levels of reactive oxygen species, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and iron. In milk, lower somatic cell count was also observed when cows were zinc or selenium supplemented compared to the control. Lower serum cholinesterase activity and higher heavy chain immunoglobulin concentration were observed on days 14 and 28. Selenium supplementation resulted in a higher immunoglobulin A concentration on days 14 and 28, and lower ceruloplasmin concentration on day 28 compared to Control, as well as a lower haptoglobin concentration on day 28. The Selenium group also had lower milk fat content compared to the Control. Supplementations changed the milk fatty acid profile, producing a higher unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid ratio. There was no effect on lactation persistence. It is concluded that mineral supplementation with selenium and zinc benefits immune, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory responses. Conversely, milk quality was affected both positively and negatively. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d53cd64d9007436c8a9c29f9f9dc6740 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-d53cd64d9007436c8a9c29f9f9dc67402025-08-20T03:11:18ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-02-0115449910.3390/ani15040499Organic Zinc and Selenium Supplementation of Late Lactation Dairy Cows: Effects on Milk and Serum Minerals Bioavailability, Animal Health and Milk QualityGabriel S. Klein0Karoline W. Leal1Camila A. Rodrigues2Taynara M. R. Draszevski3Andrei L. R. Brunetto4Maksuel G. Vitt5Mathias S. Klein6Vitoria H. Cauduro7Erico M. M. Flores8Gilnei B. da Silva9Margarete D. Bagatini10Alana B. de M. Chitolina11Matheus D. Baldissera12Aleksandro S. Da Silva13Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó 89815-630, BrazilGraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó 89815-630, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó 89815-630, BrazilGraduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó 89815-630, BrazilGraduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó 89815-630, BrazilGraduate Course of Specialization in Plant Production Systems, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Sertão 99170-000, BrazilGraduate Program in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, BrazilDepartment of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, BrazilMulticentric Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages 88520-000, BrazilGraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Chapecó 89815-899, BrazilUndergraduate in Biomedicine, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria 97010-032, BrazilLaboratory of Bioprospecting and Experimental Biology, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria 97010-032, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó 89815-630, BrazilThis study determined whether organic zinc and selenium supplementation of late lactation dairy cows positively affects immunity, oxidative status, milk quality (especially mineral levels), biochemical and hematologic parameters, and production efficiency. Twenty Jersey cows were divided into three groups: Control (n = 6)—without organic supplementation; Zinc (n = 7)—zinc supplementation (zinc amino acid chelate) and Selenium (n = 7)—selenium supplementation (selenium amino acid complex). The basal diet contained inorganic minerals. Blood and milk samples were collected on days 1, 14 and 28. Serum selenium concentration was higher in the Selenium group, and zinc level in milk was higher in the Zinc group. On day 28, supplementations resulted in higher lymphocyte counts, and lower serum creatine kinase, myeloperoxidase activity, levels of reactive oxygen species, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and iron. In milk, lower somatic cell count was also observed when cows were zinc or selenium supplemented compared to the control. Lower serum cholinesterase activity and higher heavy chain immunoglobulin concentration were observed on days 14 and 28. Selenium supplementation resulted in a higher immunoglobulin A concentration on days 14 and 28, and lower ceruloplasmin concentration on day 28 compared to Control, as well as a lower haptoglobin concentration on day 28. The Selenium group also had lower milk fat content compared to the Control. Supplementations changed the milk fatty acid profile, producing a higher unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid ratio. There was no effect on lactation persistence. It is concluded that mineral supplementation with selenium and zinc benefits immune, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory responses. Conversely, milk quality was affected both positively and negatively.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/499immunityinflammationmicromineralsmilk fatnutraceuticalsupra-nutritional |
| spellingShingle | Gabriel S. Klein Karoline W. Leal Camila A. Rodrigues Taynara M. R. Draszevski Andrei L. R. Brunetto Maksuel G. Vitt Mathias S. Klein Vitoria H. Cauduro Erico M. M. Flores Gilnei B. da Silva Margarete D. Bagatini Alana B. de M. Chitolina Matheus D. Baldissera Aleksandro S. Da Silva Organic Zinc and Selenium Supplementation of Late Lactation Dairy Cows: Effects on Milk and Serum Minerals Bioavailability, Animal Health and Milk Quality Animals immunity inflammation microminerals milk fat nutraceutical supra-nutritional |
| title | Organic Zinc and Selenium Supplementation of Late Lactation Dairy Cows: Effects on Milk and Serum Minerals Bioavailability, Animal Health and Milk Quality |
| title_full | Organic Zinc and Selenium Supplementation of Late Lactation Dairy Cows: Effects on Milk and Serum Minerals Bioavailability, Animal Health and Milk Quality |
| title_fullStr | Organic Zinc and Selenium Supplementation of Late Lactation Dairy Cows: Effects on Milk and Serum Minerals Bioavailability, Animal Health and Milk Quality |
| title_full_unstemmed | Organic Zinc and Selenium Supplementation of Late Lactation Dairy Cows: Effects on Milk and Serum Minerals Bioavailability, Animal Health and Milk Quality |
| title_short | Organic Zinc and Selenium Supplementation of Late Lactation Dairy Cows: Effects on Milk and Serum Minerals Bioavailability, Animal Health and Milk Quality |
| title_sort | organic zinc and selenium supplementation of late lactation dairy cows effects on milk and serum minerals bioavailability animal health and milk quality |
| topic | immunity inflammation microminerals milk fat nutraceutical supra-nutritional |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/499 |
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