On the Elusive but Vital Difference Between Privileged and Optimal Viewpoints

I argue that two theses, which get conflated tacitly but frequently in both the philosophical and the scientific literature on perception, must be distinguished. The first is that there are <i>optimal</i> viewpoints, viewpoints from which an object’s shape is more readily discernable tha...

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Main Author: Yuval Dolev
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Philosophies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9287/9/6/167
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author Yuval Dolev
author_facet Yuval Dolev
author_sort Yuval Dolev
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description I argue that two theses, which get conflated tacitly but frequently in both the philosophical and the scientific literature on perception, must be distinguished. The first is that there are <i>optimal</i> viewpoints, viewpoints from which an object’s shape is more readily discernable than from others. The second is that there are <i>privileged</i> viewpoints, viewpoints that alone secure the veridicality of perception. I claim that phenomenology establishes the ubiquitousness of optimal viewpoints, but that the notion of privileged viewpoints is indefensible. It emerges when the empirical investigation of the mechanism of perception, and specifically of the role of retinal images, becomes the basis for the phenomenology of perception. Both the notion of a privileged viewpoint and the models it serves, such as the two-step model, are, I argue, untenable. To emphasize: the claims are phenomenological, not empirical, and so cannot be confirmed or refuted by empirical evidence. Optimal viewpoints are further explored by critically examining Husserl’s notion of a “sum of optima” and assessing it in the context of his claim that normal viewpoints are optimal. The paper ends with some thoughts on what the relationship between the science and the phenomenology of vision ought to be.
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spelling doaj-art-d5315cfef7df427e80bcc6fae145e5d52025-08-20T02:57:17ZengMDPI AGPhilosophies2409-92872024-11-019616710.3390/philosophies9060167On the Elusive but Vital Difference Between Privileged and Optimal ViewpointsYuval Dolev0Department of Philosophy, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, IsraelI argue that two theses, which get conflated tacitly but frequently in both the philosophical and the scientific literature on perception, must be distinguished. The first is that there are <i>optimal</i> viewpoints, viewpoints from which an object’s shape is more readily discernable than from others. The second is that there are <i>privileged</i> viewpoints, viewpoints that alone secure the veridicality of perception. I claim that phenomenology establishes the ubiquitousness of optimal viewpoints, but that the notion of privileged viewpoints is indefensible. It emerges when the empirical investigation of the mechanism of perception, and specifically of the role of retinal images, becomes the basis for the phenomenology of perception. Both the notion of a privileged viewpoint and the models it serves, such as the two-step model, are, I argue, untenable. To emphasize: the claims are phenomenological, not empirical, and so cannot be confirmed or refuted by empirical evidence. Optimal viewpoints are further explored by critically examining Husserl’s notion of a “sum of optima” and assessing it in the context of his claim that normal viewpoints are optimal. The paper ends with some thoughts on what the relationship between the science and the phenomenology of vision ought to be.https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9287/9/6/167shape perceptionperspectivecanonical viewpointretinal imagephenomenology of perceptionHusserl
spellingShingle Yuval Dolev
On the Elusive but Vital Difference Between Privileged and Optimal Viewpoints
Philosophies
shape perception
perspective
canonical viewpoint
retinal image
phenomenology of perception
Husserl
title On the Elusive but Vital Difference Between Privileged and Optimal Viewpoints
title_full On the Elusive but Vital Difference Between Privileged and Optimal Viewpoints
title_fullStr On the Elusive but Vital Difference Between Privileged and Optimal Viewpoints
title_full_unstemmed On the Elusive but Vital Difference Between Privileged and Optimal Viewpoints
title_short On the Elusive but Vital Difference Between Privileged and Optimal Viewpoints
title_sort on the elusive but vital difference between privileged and optimal viewpoints
topic shape perception
perspective
canonical viewpoint
retinal image
phenomenology of perception
Husserl
url https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9287/9/6/167
work_keys_str_mv AT yuvaldolev ontheelusivebutvitaldifferencebetweenprivilegedandoptimalviewpoints