Evaluation of ototoxic and neurotoxic effects of local diclofenac sodium application

Abstract Background We aimed to investigate diclofenac sodium’s ototoxic and neurotoxic effects, which have already been shown to have a cytotoxic effect on cholesteatoma. Material and methods The subjects were divided into three groups: negative control group (S), experimental group (DS group) in w...

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Main Authors: Halil Elden, Ahmet Kara, Ozcan Budak, Sena Genc Elden, Huseyin Cakiroglu, Mehmet Guven, Mahmut Sinan Yilmaz, Deniz Demir
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-025-00860-0
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author Halil Elden
Ahmet Kara
Ozcan Budak
Sena Genc Elden
Huseyin Cakiroglu
Mehmet Guven
Mahmut Sinan Yilmaz
Deniz Demir
author_facet Halil Elden
Ahmet Kara
Ozcan Budak
Sena Genc Elden
Huseyin Cakiroglu
Mehmet Guven
Mahmut Sinan Yilmaz
Deniz Demir
author_sort Halil Elden
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background We aimed to investigate diclofenac sodium’s ototoxic and neurotoxic effects, which have already been shown to have a cytotoxic effect on cholesteatoma. Material and methods The subjects were divided into three groups: negative control group (S), experimental group (DS group) in which diclofenac sodium (DS) was applied, and positive control group (G) in which gentamicin was applied to evaluate the ototoxic effect of DS. Ototoxicity was assessed using distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements and by histopathological examination. In evaluating neurotoxicity on the facial nerve, the subjects were divided into a negative control group and a DS group. In terms of neurotoxicity, the subjects were evaluated functionally and histopathologically. Results There was no significant difference between the three groups on day 0 measurements in DPOAE and ABR tests. Although a notable difference was observed between the three groups in the measurements taken on day 3, no statistically significant difference was found between the DS group and the G group. A significant difference was found between the three groups when comparing day 28 measurements. In the histological analysis of ototoxicity, the degree of cytoplasmic vacuolization, cellular degeneration, and dilatation was found to be significantly higher in the G group than in the DS group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the functional and histological analysis of neurotoxicity. Conclusion Although DS has no neurotoxicity on the facial nerve, it was found to have an ototoxic effect, contrary to the current scientific literature.
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spelling doaj-art-d510e127e6b9458ea95012b9dd05fdc82025-08-20T03:04:21ZengSpringerOpenThe Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology2090-85392025-07-014111910.1186/s43163-025-00860-0Evaluation of ototoxic and neurotoxic effects of local diclofenac sodium applicationHalil Elden0Ahmet Kara1Ozcan Budak2Sena Genc Elden3Huseyin Cakiroglu4Mehmet Guven5Mahmut Sinan Yilmaz6Deniz Demir7Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sakarya University Training and Research HospitalDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Sakarya University Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Sakarya University Faculty of MedicinePrivate Practice, Arabacialani MahExperimental Medicine Research and Application Center, Sakarya UniversityDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Sakarya University Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Sakarya University Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Maltepe University Faculty of MedicineAbstract Background We aimed to investigate diclofenac sodium’s ototoxic and neurotoxic effects, which have already been shown to have a cytotoxic effect on cholesteatoma. Material and methods The subjects were divided into three groups: negative control group (S), experimental group (DS group) in which diclofenac sodium (DS) was applied, and positive control group (G) in which gentamicin was applied to evaluate the ototoxic effect of DS. Ototoxicity was assessed using distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements and by histopathological examination. In evaluating neurotoxicity on the facial nerve, the subjects were divided into a negative control group and a DS group. In terms of neurotoxicity, the subjects were evaluated functionally and histopathologically. Results There was no significant difference between the three groups on day 0 measurements in DPOAE and ABR tests. Although a notable difference was observed between the three groups in the measurements taken on day 3, no statistically significant difference was found between the DS group and the G group. A significant difference was found between the three groups when comparing day 28 measurements. In the histological analysis of ototoxicity, the degree of cytoplasmic vacuolization, cellular degeneration, and dilatation was found to be significantly higher in the G group than in the DS group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the functional and histological analysis of neurotoxicity. Conclusion Although DS has no neurotoxicity on the facial nerve, it was found to have an ototoxic effect, contrary to the current scientific literature.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-025-00860-0Diclofenac sodiumAuditory-evoked potentialsAuditory brainstem responsesFacial nerve disordersOtotoxicity
spellingShingle Halil Elden
Ahmet Kara
Ozcan Budak
Sena Genc Elden
Huseyin Cakiroglu
Mehmet Guven
Mahmut Sinan Yilmaz
Deniz Demir
Evaluation of ototoxic and neurotoxic effects of local diclofenac sodium application
The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology
Diclofenac sodium
Auditory-evoked potentials
Auditory brainstem responses
Facial nerve disorders
Ototoxicity
title Evaluation of ototoxic and neurotoxic effects of local diclofenac sodium application
title_full Evaluation of ototoxic and neurotoxic effects of local diclofenac sodium application
title_fullStr Evaluation of ototoxic and neurotoxic effects of local diclofenac sodium application
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of ototoxic and neurotoxic effects of local diclofenac sodium application
title_short Evaluation of ototoxic and neurotoxic effects of local diclofenac sodium application
title_sort evaluation of ototoxic and neurotoxic effects of local diclofenac sodium application
topic Diclofenac sodium
Auditory-evoked potentials
Auditory brainstem responses
Facial nerve disorders
Ototoxicity
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-025-00860-0
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