An Evaluation of the Performance of Remote Sensing Indices as an Indication of Spatial Variability and Vegetation Diversity in Alpine Grassland

Vegetation diversity is a crucial indicator for evaluating grassland ecosystems. Remote sensing technology has great potential in assessing grassland vegetation diversity. In this study, the relationship between remote sensing indices and species diversity was investigated at varying spatial and tem...

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Main Authors: Yanan Sang, Haibin Gu, Qingmin Meng, Xinna Men, Jiandong Sheng, Ning Li, Ze Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4726
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author Yanan Sang
Haibin Gu
Qingmin Meng
Xinna Men
Jiandong Sheng
Ning Li
Ze Wang
author_facet Yanan Sang
Haibin Gu
Qingmin Meng
Xinna Men
Jiandong Sheng
Ning Li
Ze Wang
author_sort Yanan Sang
collection DOAJ
description Vegetation diversity is a crucial indicator for evaluating grassland ecosystems. Remote sensing technology has great potential in assessing grassland vegetation diversity. In this study, the relationship between remote sensing indices and species diversity was investigated at varying spatial and temporal scales in Bayanbulak Grassland National Nature Reserve, China. Spectral variation, defined as the coefficient of variation in vegetation indices, was used as a proxy for species diversity, which was quantified using species diversity indices. The “spectral diversity-species diversity” relationship was validated across diverse spatial scales and between different years using Sentinel-2 images and ground investigation data. This study found that Kendall’s τ coefficients showed the best performance in evaluating the relationship between the coefficient of variation in VIs (CV<sub>VIs</sub>) and species diversity index. The highest τ value was observed for CV<sub>NDVI</sub> in 2017 (τ = 0.660, <i>p</i> < 0.01), followed by the Shannon index in 2018 (τ = 0.451, <i>p</i> < 0.01). In addition, CV<sub>EVI</sub> demonstrated a significant positive correlation with the Shannon-Wiener Index at the 50 m scale (τ = 0.542), and the highest relationship τ between CV<sub>NDVI</sub> and the Shannon-Wiener Index was observed at the 100 m scale (τ = 0.660). The Shannon-Wiener Index in relation to CV<sub>VIs</sub> performs better in representing changes in grassland vegetation. Spatial scales and vegetation indices influence the assessment of grassland vegetation diversity. These findings underscore the critical role of remote sensing technology in assessing grassland vegetation diversity across various scales, offering valuable support tools for measuring regional grassland vegetation diversity.
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spelling doaj-art-d504dd6c5e7a431f89e82cfabe92f63e2025-08-20T02:01:29ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-12-011624472610.3390/rs16244726An Evaluation of the Performance of Remote Sensing Indices as an Indication of Spatial Variability and Vegetation Diversity in Alpine GrasslandYanan Sang0Haibin Gu1Qingmin Meng2Xinna Men3Jiandong Sheng4Ning Li5Ze Wang6The Green Production Engineering Technology Research Center of Xinjiang Planting Industry, Urumqi 830052, ChinaThe Green Production Engineering Technology Research Center of Xinjiang Planting Industry, Urumqi 830052, ChinaDepartment of Geosciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USAThe Green Production Engineering Technology Research Center of Xinjiang Planting Industry, Urumqi 830052, ChinaThe Green Production Engineering Technology Research Center of Xinjiang Planting Industry, Urumqi 830052, ChinaThe Green Production Engineering Technology Research Center of Xinjiang Planting Industry, Urumqi 830052, ChinaThe Green Production Engineering Technology Research Center of Xinjiang Planting Industry, Urumqi 830052, ChinaVegetation diversity is a crucial indicator for evaluating grassland ecosystems. Remote sensing technology has great potential in assessing grassland vegetation diversity. In this study, the relationship between remote sensing indices and species diversity was investigated at varying spatial and temporal scales in Bayanbulak Grassland National Nature Reserve, China. Spectral variation, defined as the coefficient of variation in vegetation indices, was used as a proxy for species diversity, which was quantified using species diversity indices. The “spectral diversity-species diversity” relationship was validated across diverse spatial scales and between different years using Sentinel-2 images and ground investigation data. This study found that Kendall’s τ coefficients showed the best performance in evaluating the relationship between the coefficient of variation in VIs (CV<sub>VIs</sub>) and species diversity index. The highest τ value was observed for CV<sub>NDVI</sub> in 2017 (τ = 0.660, <i>p</i> < 0.01), followed by the Shannon index in 2018 (τ = 0.451, <i>p</i> < 0.01). In addition, CV<sub>EVI</sub> demonstrated a significant positive correlation with the Shannon-Wiener Index at the 50 m scale (τ = 0.542), and the highest relationship τ between CV<sub>NDVI</sub> and the Shannon-Wiener Index was observed at the 100 m scale (τ = 0.660). The Shannon-Wiener Index in relation to CV<sub>VIs</sub> performs better in representing changes in grassland vegetation. Spatial scales and vegetation indices influence the assessment of grassland vegetation diversity. These findings underscore the critical role of remote sensing technology in assessing grassland vegetation diversity across various scales, offering valuable support tools for measuring regional grassland vegetation diversity.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4726grassland vegetation diversityvegetation indexspecies diversityspectral diversity
spellingShingle Yanan Sang
Haibin Gu
Qingmin Meng
Xinna Men
Jiandong Sheng
Ning Li
Ze Wang
An Evaluation of the Performance of Remote Sensing Indices as an Indication of Spatial Variability and Vegetation Diversity in Alpine Grassland
Remote Sensing
grassland vegetation diversity
vegetation index
species diversity
spectral diversity
title An Evaluation of the Performance of Remote Sensing Indices as an Indication of Spatial Variability and Vegetation Diversity in Alpine Grassland
title_full An Evaluation of the Performance of Remote Sensing Indices as an Indication of Spatial Variability and Vegetation Diversity in Alpine Grassland
title_fullStr An Evaluation of the Performance of Remote Sensing Indices as an Indication of Spatial Variability and Vegetation Diversity in Alpine Grassland
title_full_unstemmed An Evaluation of the Performance of Remote Sensing Indices as an Indication of Spatial Variability and Vegetation Diversity in Alpine Grassland
title_short An Evaluation of the Performance of Remote Sensing Indices as an Indication of Spatial Variability and Vegetation Diversity in Alpine Grassland
title_sort evaluation of the performance of remote sensing indices as an indication of spatial variability and vegetation diversity in alpine grassland
topic grassland vegetation diversity
vegetation index
species diversity
spectral diversity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4726
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