Machine learning combined with multi-omics to identify immune-related LncRNA signature as biomarkers for predicting breast cancer prognosis

Abstract This study developed an immune-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)-based prognostic signature by integrating multi-omics data and machine learning algorithms to predict survival and therapeutic responses in breast cancer patients. Utilizing transcriptomic and gene expression data from TC...

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Main Authors: Yuxing Liu, Jintao Chen, Daifeng Yang, Chenming Liu, Chunhui Tang, Shanshan Cai, Yingxuan Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10186-9
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author Yuxing Liu
Jintao Chen
Daifeng Yang
Chenming Liu
Chunhui Tang
Shanshan Cai
Yingxuan Huang
author_facet Yuxing Liu
Jintao Chen
Daifeng Yang
Chenming Liu
Chunhui Tang
Shanshan Cai
Yingxuan Huang
author_sort Yuxing Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study developed an immune-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)-based prognostic signature by integrating multi-omics data and machine learning algorithms to predict survival and therapeutic responses in breast cancer patients. Utilizing transcriptomic and gene expression data from TCGA and GEO databases, 72 immune-related lncRNAs were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and ImmuLncRNA algorithms. The model was further optimized using 101 combinations of 10 machine learning approaches, ultimately constructing an immune-related lncRNA signature(IRLS) scoring system comprising nine key lncRNAs. Validated across 17 independent cohorts, the model demonstrated that high-risk patients had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) (P < 0.05), with predictive performance surpassing 95 published models (P < 0.05). Additionally, the IRLS score predicted responses to paclitaxel chemotherapy, and the low-risk group exhibited higher immune cell infiltration (P < 0.05), showing significant negative correlations with CD8A, PD-L1, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and neoantigen load (NAL). In immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment cohorts, low IRLS scores were associated with improved response rates to atezolizumab. Our findings suggest that the IRLS model serves as a novel biomarker for prognostic stratification and personalized therapeutic decision-making in breast cancer.
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spelling doaj-art-d4fd1aaf626d4074bcfaa4f6aa70a2b12025-08-20T04:01:36ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-10186-9Machine learning combined with multi-omics to identify immune-related LncRNA signature as biomarkers for predicting breast cancer prognosisYuxing Liu0Jintao Chen1Daifeng Yang2Chenming Liu3Chunhui Tang4Shanshan Cai5Yingxuan Huang6Department of General surgery, Mingji HospitalFujian Changle District HospitalSchool of Computing, Engineering & Digital Technologies, Teesside UniversityDepartment of Surgery, Zhejiang University School of MedicineDepartment of Infectious DiseasesDivision of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster UniversityPediatric Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesAbstract This study developed an immune-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)-based prognostic signature by integrating multi-omics data and machine learning algorithms to predict survival and therapeutic responses in breast cancer patients. Utilizing transcriptomic and gene expression data from TCGA and GEO databases, 72 immune-related lncRNAs were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and ImmuLncRNA algorithms. The model was further optimized using 101 combinations of 10 machine learning approaches, ultimately constructing an immune-related lncRNA signature(IRLS) scoring system comprising nine key lncRNAs. Validated across 17 independent cohorts, the model demonstrated that high-risk patients had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) (P < 0.05), with predictive performance surpassing 95 published models (P < 0.05). Additionally, the IRLS score predicted responses to paclitaxel chemotherapy, and the low-risk group exhibited higher immune cell infiltration (P < 0.05), showing significant negative correlations with CD8A, PD-L1, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and neoantigen load (NAL). In immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment cohorts, low IRLS scores were associated with improved response rates to atezolizumab. Our findings suggest that the IRLS model serves as a novel biomarker for prognostic stratification and personalized therapeutic decision-making in breast cancer.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10186-9Breast cancerLong non-coding RNAImmune microenvironmentMachine learningPrognostic modelTreatment prediction
spellingShingle Yuxing Liu
Jintao Chen
Daifeng Yang
Chenming Liu
Chunhui Tang
Shanshan Cai
Yingxuan Huang
Machine learning combined with multi-omics to identify immune-related LncRNA signature as biomarkers for predicting breast cancer prognosis
Scientific Reports
Breast cancer
Long non-coding RNA
Immune microenvironment
Machine learning
Prognostic model
Treatment prediction
title Machine learning combined with multi-omics to identify immune-related LncRNA signature as biomarkers for predicting breast cancer prognosis
title_full Machine learning combined with multi-omics to identify immune-related LncRNA signature as biomarkers for predicting breast cancer prognosis
title_fullStr Machine learning combined with multi-omics to identify immune-related LncRNA signature as biomarkers for predicting breast cancer prognosis
title_full_unstemmed Machine learning combined with multi-omics to identify immune-related LncRNA signature as biomarkers for predicting breast cancer prognosis
title_short Machine learning combined with multi-omics to identify immune-related LncRNA signature as biomarkers for predicting breast cancer prognosis
title_sort machine learning combined with multi omics to identify immune related lncrna signature as biomarkers for predicting breast cancer prognosis
topic Breast cancer
Long non-coding RNA
Immune microenvironment
Machine learning
Prognostic model
Treatment prediction
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10186-9
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