The exogenous model of psychotic experience induced by novel psychoactive substances: A clinical overview
The previous two decades have been marked by profound societal transformations, including ongoing developments in the illegal drug market and the emergence of numerous novel psychoactive substances. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the diverse clinical presentations of psychopathologic...
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addictions, and Health |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667118223000922 |
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| author | Giovanni Martinotti Gilberto Di Petta Tommaso Piro Eleonora Chillemi Filippo Maria Ferro |
| author_facet | Giovanni Martinotti Gilberto Di Petta Tommaso Piro Eleonora Chillemi Filippo Maria Ferro |
| author_sort | Giovanni Martinotti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The previous two decades have been marked by profound societal transformations, including ongoing developments in the illegal drug market and the emergence of numerous novel psychoactive substances. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the diverse clinical presentations of psychopathological conditions, particularly within the domain of psychotic symptoms, remains deficient. In this clinical overview, our aim is to provide a detailed analysis of the psychotic manifestations induced by various substances. Exogenous psychoses may present with visual hallucinations, delusional perceptions, and paranoid ideation, frequently accompanied by an ego-dystonic experience that deviate from an individual's customary self-identity. Variations in the presentation of symptoms are also influenced by the specific pharmacological pathways with which the substance interacts. Visual hallucinations characterized by vivid colours and associated with positive or negative emotional experiences are most frequently linked to the serotonergic pathway. Paranoid ideation and auditory hallucinations are primarily associated with the dopaminergic pathways. Dissociative responses, often characterized by feelings of derealization and somatopsychic depersonalization, are typically elicited through glutamatergic pathways. Lastly, the endocannabinoid pathways are associated with anxiety-related psychosis-like states, ideas of reference, grandiose delusions, and paranoid delusions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d4fc8d0b9f0c4ded8ab76de8cc27d1a3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2667-1182 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addictions, and Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-d4fc8d0b9f0c4ded8ab76de8cc27d1a32024-12-14T06:33:47ZengElsevierEmerging Trends in Drugs, Addictions, and Health2667-11822024-12-014100141The exogenous model of psychotic experience induced by novel psychoactive substances: A clinical overviewGiovanni Martinotti0Gilberto Di Petta1Tommaso Piro2Eleonora Chillemi3Filippo Maria Ferro4University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Mental Health, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, Napoli, ItalyUniversity “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, Chieti, Italy; Corresponding author at: Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute of Psychiatry, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.Villa Maria Pia Psychiatric Hospital, Via del Forte Trionfale 36, Rome 00135, ItalyUniversity “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, Chieti, ItalyThe previous two decades have been marked by profound societal transformations, including ongoing developments in the illegal drug market and the emergence of numerous novel psychoactive substances. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the diverse clinical presentations of psychopathological conditions, particularly within the domain of psychotic symptoms, remains deficient. In this clinical overview, our aim is to provide a detailed analysis of the psychotic manifestations induced by various substances. Exogenous psychoses may present with visual hallucinations, delusional perceptions, and paranoid ideation, frequently accompanied by an ego-dystonic experience that deviate from an individual's customary self-identity. Variations in the presentation of symptoms are also influenced by the specific pharmacological pathways with which the substance interacts. Visual hallucinations characterized by vivid colours and associated with positive or negative emotional experiences are most frequently linked to the serotonergic pathway. Paranoid ideation and auditory hallucinations are primarily associated with the dopaminergic pathways. Dissociative responses, often characterized by feelings of derealization and somatopsychic depersonalization, are typically elicited through glutamatergic pathways. Lastly, the endocannabinoid pathways are associated with anxiety-related psychosis-like states, ideas of reference, grandiose delusions, and paranoid delusions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667118223000922Substance induced psychosisLysergic psychomaExogenous psychosisNovel psychoactive substancesSubstance use disorder |
| spellingShingle | Giovanni Martinotti Gilberto Di Petta Tommaso Piro Eleonora Chillemi Filippo Maria Ferro The exogenous model of psychotic experience induced by novel psychoactive substances: A clinical overview Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addictions, and Health Substance induced psychosis Lysergic psychoma Exogenous psychosis Novel psychoactive substances Substance use disorder |
| title | The exogenous model of psychotic experience induced by novel psychoactive substances: A clinical overview |
| title_full | The exogenous model of psychotic experience induced by novel psychoactive substances: A clinical overview |
| title_fullStr | The exogenous model of psychotic experience induced by novel psychoactive substances: A clinical overview |
| title_full_unstemmed | The exogenous model of psychotic experience induced by novel psychoactive substances: A clinical overview |
| title_short | The exogenous model of psychotic experience induced by novel psychoactive substances: A clinical overview |
| title_sort | exogenous model of psychotic experience induced by novel psychoactive substances a clinical overview |
| topic | Substance induced psychosis Lysergic psychoma Exogenous psychosis Novel psychoactive substances Substance use disorder |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667118223000922 |
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