Effect of diabetes mellitus type 2 on salivary glucose--a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
<h4>Background</h4>Early screening of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is essential for improved prognosis and effective delay of clinical complications. However, testing for high glycemia often requires invasive and painful blood testing, limiting its large-scale applicability. We have com...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2014-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101706 |
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| author | Paulo Mascarenhas Bruno Fatela Isabel Barahona |
| author_facet | Paulo Mascarenhas Bruno Fatela Isabel Barahona |
| author_sort | Paulo Mascarenhas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Early screening of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is essential for improved prognosis and effective delay of clinical complications. However, testing for high glycemia often requires invasive and painful blood testing, limiting its large-scale applicability. We have combined new, unpublished data with published data comparing salivary glucose levels in type 2 DM patients and controls and/or looked at the correlation between salivary glucose and glycemia/HbA1c to systematically review the effectiveness of salivary glucose to estimate glycemia and HbA1c. We further discuss salivary glucose as a biomarker for large-scale screening of diabetes or developing type 2 DM.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We conducted a meta-analysis of peer-reviewed published articles that reported data regarding mean salivary glucose levels and/or correlation between salivary glucose levels and glycemia or HbA1c for type 2 DM and non-diabetic individuals and combined them with our own unpublished results. Our global meta-analysis of standardized mean differences on salivary glucose levels shows an overall large positive effect of type 2 DM over salivary glucose (Hedge's g = 1.37). The global correlation coefficient (r) between salivary glucose and glycemia was large (r = 0.49), with subgroups ranging from medium (r = 0.30 in non-diabetics) to very large (r = 0.67 in diabetics). Meta-analysis of the global correlation between salivary glucose and HbA1c showed an overall association of medium strength (r = 0.37).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our systematic review reports an overall meaningful salivary glucose concentration increase in type 2 DM and a significant overall relationship between salivary glucose concentration and associated glycemia/HbA1c values, with the strength of the correlation increasing for higher glycemia/HbA1c values. These results support the potential of salivary glucose levels as a biomarker for type 2 DM, providing a less painful/invasive method for screening type 2 DM, as well as for monitoring blood glucose levels in large cohorts of DM patients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d4f24cee92ee45eb8fcd94ac2cc7cc90 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| spelling | doaj-art-d4f24cee92ee45eb8fcd94ac2cc7cc902025-08-20T03:56:08ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-0197e10170610.1371/journal.pone.0101706Effect of diabetes mellitus type 2 on salivary glucose--a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Paulo MascarenhasBruno FatelaIsabel Barahona<h4>Background</h4>Early screening of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is essential for improved prognosis and effective delay of clinical complications. However, testing for high glycemia often requires invasive and painful blood testing, limiting its large-scale applicability. We have combined new, unpublished data with published data comparing salivary glucose levels in type 2 DM patients and controls and/or looked at the correlation between salivary glucose and glycemia/HbA1c to systematically review the effectiveness of salivary glucose to estimate glycemia and HbA1c. We further discuss salivary glucose as a biomarker for large-scale screening of diabetes or developing type 2 DM.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We conducted a meta-analysis of peer-reviewed published articles that reported data regarding mean salivary glucose levels and/or correlation between salivary glucose levels and glycemia or HbA1c for type 2 DM and non-diabetic individuals and combined them with our own unpublished results. Our global meta-analysis of standardized mean differences on salivary glucose levels shows an overall large positive effect of type 2 DM over salivary glucose (Hedge's g = 1.37). The global correlation coefficient (r) between salivary glucose and glycemia was large (r = 0.49), with subgroups ranging from medium (r = 0.30 in non-diabetics) to very large (r = 0.67 in diabetics). Meta-analysis of the global correlation between salivary glucose and HbA1c showed an overall association of medium strength (r = 0.37).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our systematic review reports an overall meaningful salivary glucose concentration increase in type 2 DM and a significant overall relationship between salivary glucose concentration and associated glycemia/HbA1c values, with the strength of the correlation increasing for higher glycemia/HbA1c values. These results support the potential of salivary glucose levels as a biomarker for type 2 DM, providing a less painful/invasive method for screening type 2 DM, as well as for monitoring blood glucose levels in large cohorts of DM patients.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101706 |
| spellingShingle | Paulo Mascarenhas Bruno Fatela Isabel Barahona Effect of diabetes mellitus type 2 on salivary glucose--a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS ONE |
| title | Effect of diabetes mellitus type 2 on salivary glucose--a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. |
| title_full | Effect of diabetes mellitus type 2 on salivary glucose--a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. |
| title_fullStr | Effect of diabetes mellitus type 2 on salivary glucose--a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of diabetes mellitus type 2 on salivary glucose--a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. |
| title_short | Effect of diabetes mellitus type 2 on salivary glucose--a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. |
| title_sort | effect of diabetes mellitus type 2 on salivary glucose a systematic review and meta analysis of observational studies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101706 |
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