Bearing fault diagnosis based on efficient cross space multiscale CNN transformer parallelism

Abstract Fault diagnosis of wind turbine bearings is crucial for ensuring operational safety and reliability. However, traditional serial-structured deep learning models often fail to simultaneously extract spatio- temporal features from fault signals in noisy environments, leading to critical infor...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Qi Chen, Feng Zhang, Yin Wang, Qing Yu, Genfeng Lang, Lixiong Zeng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95895-x
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Summary:Abstract Fault diagnosis of wind turbine bearings is crucial for ensuring operational safety and reliability. However, traditional serial-structured deep learning models often fail to simultaneously extract spatio- temporal features from fault signals in noisy environments, leading to critical information loss. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a Wind Turbine Bearing Fault Diagnosis Model Based on Efficient Cross Space Multiscale CNN Transformer Parallelism (ECMCTP). The model first transforms one-dimensional vibration signals into two-dimensional time-frequency images using Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). Subsequently, parallel branches are employed to extract spatio-temporal features: the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) branch integrates a multiscale feature extraction module, a Reversed Residual Structure (RRS), and an Efficient Multiscale Attention (EMA) mechanism to enhance local and global feature extraction capabilities; the Transformer branch combines Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (BiGRU) and Transformer to capture both local temporal dynamics and long-term dependencies. Finally, the features from both branches are concatenated along the channel dimension and classified using a softmax classifier. Experimental results on two publicly available bearing datasets demonstrate that the proposed model achieves 100% accuracy under noise-free conditions and maintains superior noise robustness under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, showcasing excellent robustness and generalization capabilities.
ISSN:2045-2322