Effect of treatment and aging on mechanical properties of date palm fiber-filled nitrile rubber composites

The aim is to investigate the effect of chemical treatment and aging on the mechanical and thermal properties of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites reinforced with date palm fiber (DPF). The fibers were treated with 5 wt% NaOH and silane (Si69) to improve fiber-matrix adhesion. Treated compos...

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Main Authors: Noor S. Alghamdi, Othman Y. Alothman, Mohammad Jawaid, Ubair Abdus Samad, Ramzi Khiari, Maher M. Alrashed
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/15589250251352024
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author Noor S. Alghamdi
Othman Y. Alothman
Mohammad Jawaid
Ubair Abdus Samad
Ramzi Khiari
Maher M. Alrashed
author_facet Noor S. Alghamdi
Othman Y. Alothman
Mohammad Jawaid
Ubair Abdus Samad
Ramzi Khiari
Maher M. Alrashed
author_sort Noor S. Alghamdi
collection DOAJ
description The aim is to investigate the effect of chemical treatment and aging on the mechanical and thermal properties of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites reinforced with date palm fiber (DPF). The fibers were treated with 5 wt% NaOH and silane (Si69) to improve fiber-matrix adhesion. Treated composites showed a 25% increase in tensile strength (from 8.5 to 10.6 MPa at 40 wt.% DPF) and enhanced thermal stability, with decomposition onset shifting from ~200°C to 220°C. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed increased storage modulus and damping performance, with treated composites displaying a higher tan δ at ~1% strain. Aging tests revealed superior resistance to hot air and ozone exposure, with tensile strength retention above 90%, whereas oil aging led to a mechanical reduction due to fiber swelling. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed improved fiber-matrix bonding, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed reduced fiber pull-out in treated samples. Glass transition temperature ( T g ) remained stable, ranging from −12.8°C to −9.6°C for different fiber loadings. The thermal study demonstrated that fibers do not hinder the rubber chin movement, and thermal treatment improves the fibers’ thermal stability.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1558-9250
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series Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
spelling doaj-art-d4e59c55f07a403889121f40e81659fb2025-08-20T03:30:56ZengSAGE PublishingJournal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics1558-92502025-07-012010.1177/15589250251352024Effect of treatment and aging on mechanical properties of date palm fiber-filled nitrile rubber compositesNoor S. Alghamdi0Othman Y. Alothman1Mohammad Jawaid2Ubair Abdus Samad3Ramzi Khiari4Maher M. Alrashed5Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi ArabiaChemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAECenter of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, FranceDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi ArabiaThe aim is to investigate the effect of chemical treatment and aging on the mechanical and thermal properties of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites reinforced with date palm fiber (DPF). The fibers were treated with 5 wt% NaOH and silane (Si69) to improve fiber-matrix adhesion. Treated composites showed a 25% increase in tensile strength (from 8.5 to 10.6 MPa at 40 wt.% DPF) and enhanced thermal stability, with decomposition onset shifting from ~200°C to 220°C. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed increased storage modulus and damping performance, with treated composites displaying a higher tan δ at ~1% strain. Aging tests revealed superior resistance to hot air and ozone exposure, with tensile strength retention above 90%, whereas oil aging led to a mechanical reduction due to fiber swelling. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed improved fiber-matrix bonding, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed reduced fiber pull-out in treated samples. Glass transition temperature ( T g ) remained stable, ranging from −12.8°C to −9.6°C for different fiber loadings. The thermal study demonstrated that fibers do not hinder the rubber chin movement, and thermal treatment improves the fibers’ thermal stability.https://doi.org/10.1177/15589250251352024
spellingShingle Noor S. Alghamdi
Othman Y. Alothman
Mohammad Jawaid
Ubair Abdus Samad
Ramzi Khiari
Maher M. Alrashed
Effect of treatment and aging on mechanical properties of date palm fiber-filled nitrile rubber composites
Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics
title Effect of treatment and aging on mechanical properties of date palm fiber-filled nitrile rubber composites
title_full Effect of treatment and aging on mechanical properties of date palm fiber-filled nitrile rubber composites
title_fullStr Effect of treatment and aging on mechanical properties of date palm fiber-filled nitrile rubber composites
title_full_unstemmed Effect of treatment and aging on mechanical properties of date palm fiber-filled nitrile rubber composites
title_short Effect of treatment and aging on mechanical properties of date palm fiber-filled nitrile rubber composites
title_sort effect of treatment and aging on mechanical properties of date palm fiber filled nitrile rubber composites
url https://doi.org/10.1177/15589250251352024
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