Past, present and (possible) future of biofouling regulatory instruments within the international marine environmental protection framework
Abstract Marine biofouling is associated with remarkable impacts for many maritime industries and is linked with major environmental concerns. Although national biofouling regulations have been issued by a few countries in the recent past, these remain isolated initiatives. At a global scale, even i...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Environmental Sciences Europe |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01178-7 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849237719230709760 |
|---|---|
| author | Mar Santos-Simón Ainhoa Fernández-García de la Yedra Maren Ortiz-Zarragoitia Agnese Marchini |
| author_facet | Mar Santos-Simón Ainhoa Fernández-García de la Yedra Maren Ortiz-Zarragoitia Agnese Marchini |
| author_sort | Mar Santos-Simón |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Marine biofouling is associated with remarkable impacts for many maritime industries and is linked with major environmental concerns. Although national biofouling regulations have been issued by a few countries in the recent past, these remain isolated initiatives. At a global scale, even if biofouling undeniably accounts for important costs and risks, there is currently no international legally binding framework on it. This work focuses on the evolution of international marine environmental protection legislation and analyzes existing regulatory instruments linked to the matter, with particular emphasis on the European legislation and other few regional in-force regulations on biofouling, and eventually focussing on the sector of recreational boating. Finally, the main gaps and challenges for the development of a regulatory framework on biofouling are identified and listed, along with the major learnings and proposals derived from the experimental outcomes of recent works, to provide an integrative tool for suitable antifouling selection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d4e23c3fbcf3494381a41e3c7ae43311 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2190-4715 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Sciences Europe |
| spelling | doaj-art-d4e23c3fbcf3494381a41e3c7ae433112025-08-20T04:01:52ZengSpringerOpenEnvironmental Sciences Europe2190-47152025-07-0137111910.1186/s12302-025-01178-7Past, present and (possible) future of biofouling regulatory instruments within the international marine environmental protection frameworkMar Santos-Simón0Ainhoa Fernández-García de la Yedra1Maren Ortiz-Zarragoitia2Agnese Marchini3Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, UNIPVDepartment of Corporate and Civil Law, Bilbao School of Engineering, University of the Basque CountryCBET+ CRG, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHUDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, UNIPVAbstract Marine biofouling is associated with remarkable impacts for many maritime industries and is linked with major environmental concerns. Although national biofouling regulations have been issued by a few countries in the recent past, these remain isolated initiatives. At a global scale, even if biofouling undeniably accounts for important costs and risks, there is currently no international legally binding framework on it. This work focuses on the evolution of international marine environmental protection legislation and analyzes existing regulatory instruments linked to the matter, with particular emphasis on the European legislation and other few regional in-force regulations on biofouling, and eventually focussing on the sector of recreational boating. Finally, the main gaps and challenges for the development of a regulatory framework on biofouling are identified and listed, along with the major learnings and proposals derived from the experimental outcomes of recent works, to provide an integrative tool for suitable antifouling selection.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01178-7BiofoulingAntifoulingLegislationGuidelinesIMOIntegrative tool |
| spellingShingle | Mar Santos-Simón Ainhoa Fernández-García de la Yedra Maren Ortiz-Zarragoitia Agnese Marchini Past, present and (possible) future of biofouling regulatory instruments within the international marine environmental protection framework Environmental Sciences Europe Biofouling Antifouling Legislation Guidelines IMO Integrative tool |
| title | Past, present and (possible) future of biofouling regulatory instruments within the international marine environmental protection framework |
| title_full | Past, present and (possible) future of biofouling regulatory instruments within the international marine environmental protection framework |
| title_fullStr | Past, present and (possible) future of biofouling regulatory instruments within the international marine environmental protection framework |
| title_full_unstemmed | Past, present and (possible) future of biofouling regulatory instruments within the international marine environmental protection framework |
| title_short | Past, present and (possible) future of biofouling regulatory instruments within the international marine environmental protection framework |
| title_sort | past present and possible future of biofouling regulatory instruments within the international marine environmental protection framework |
| topic | Biofouling Antifouling Legislation Guidelines IMO Integrative tool |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01178-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marsantossimon pastpresentandpossiblefutureofbiofoulingregulatoryinstrumentswithintheinternationalmarineenvironmentalprotectionframework AT ainhoafernandezgarciadelayedra pastpresentandpossiblefutureofbiofoulingregulatoryinstrumentswithintheinternationalmarineenvironmentalprotectionframework AT marenortizzarragoitia pastpresentandpossiblefutureofbiofoulingregulatoryinstrumentswithintheinternationalmarineenvironmentalprotectionframework AT agnesemarchini pastpresentandpossiblefutureofbiofoulingregulatoryinstrumentswithintheinternationalmarineenvironmentalprotectionframework |