Enhancement of Polypropylene Adhesion through Acetylated Kraft Lignin Incorporation
Lignin, one of Earth’s most abundant biopolymers, is rich in phenolic and aliphatic functional groups, offering significant potential for chemical modification. Technical lignin, a byproduct of the kraft process, is produced in large quantities annually and can be used to enhance the properties of p...
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MDPI AG
2024-09-01
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| Series: | Biomass |
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| author | Manuel Patricio da Silva Bisneto Rogerio Ramos de Sousa Junior Guilherme Elias Saltarelli Garcia Demetrio Jackson dos Santos |
| author_facet | Manuel Patricio da Silva Bisneto Rogerio Ramos de Sousa Junior Guilherme Elias Saltarelli Garcia Demetrio Jackson dos Santos |
| author_sort | Manuel Patricio da Silva Bisneto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lignin, one of Earth’s most abundant biopolymers, is rich in phenolic and aliphatic functional groups, offering significant potential for chemical modification. Technical lignin, a byproduct of the kraft process, is produced in large quantities annually and can be used to enhance the properties of polymer matrices such as polypropylene (PP). PP, a widely used nonpolar polymer, suffers from low surface free energy, leading to poor adhesion properties. Combining PP with polar, renewable-source polymers like lignin can improve these properties. This study investigates the direct acetylation of kraft lignin (KL) to improve its dispersion in the PP matrix and enhance wettability and adhesion. The acetylation of KL was confirmed through FTIR and DSC analyses. PP and acetylated KL (AKL) were combined and processed via continuous extrusion. The blends’ thermal and mechanical properties, lignin dispersion, and wettability were evaluated. Additionally, PP and PP–lignin films were bonded to aluminized biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) for peel tests. Results showed increased surface free energy and improved adhesion, particularly in samples with AKL due to better dispersion. This direct acetylation route significantly enhances PP’s surface free energy and adhesion, presenting a sustainable alternative to fossil-based materials and promoting the use of lignin, a renewable and low-cost polymer. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d4da3c53bfb142c592e23bebed5e2ae5 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2673-8783 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Biomass |
| spelling | doaj-art-d4da3c53bfb142c592e23bebed5e2ae52025-08-20T01:56:10ZengMDPI AGBiomass2673-87832024-09-014392093210.3390/biomass4030051Enhancement of Polypropylene Adhesion through Acetylated Kraft Lignin IncorporationManuel Patricio da Silva Bisneto0Rogerio Ramos de Sousa Junior1Guilherme Elias Saltarelli Garcia2Demetrio Jackson dos Santos3Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo Andre 09210-580, BrazilCenter of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo Andre 09210-580, BrazilCenter of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo Andre 09210-580, BrazilCenter of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo Andre 09210-580, BrazilLignin, one of Earth’s most abundant biopolymers, is rich in phenolic and aliphatic functional groups, offering significant potential for chemical modification. Technical lignin, a byproduct of the kraft process, is produced in large quantities annually and can be used to enhance the properties of polymer matrices such as polypropylene (PP). PP, a widely used nonpolar polymer, suffers from low surface free energy, leading to poor adhesion properties. Combining PP with polar, renewable-source polymers like lignin can improve these properties. This study investigates the direct acetylation of kraft lignin (KL) to improve its dispersion in the PP matrix and enhance wettability and adhesion. The acetylation of KL was confirmed through FTIR and DSC analyses. PP and acetylated KL (AKL) were combined and processed via continuous extrusion. The blends’ thermal and mechanical properties, lignin dispersion, and wettability were evaluated. Additionally, PP and PP–lignin films were bonded to aluminized biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) for peel tests. Results showed increased surface free energy and improved adhesion, particularly in samples with AKL due to better dispersion. This direct acetylation route significantly enhances PP’s surface free energy and adhesion, presenting a sustainable alternative to fossil-based materials and promoting the use of lignin, a renewable and low-cost polymer.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8783/4/3/51kraft ligninacetylated ligninpolypropylenesurface free energypractical adhesion |
| spellingShingle | Manuel Patricio da Silva Bisneto Rogerio Ramos de Sousa Junior Guilherme Elias Saltarelli Garcia Demetrio Jackson dos Santos Enhancement of Polypropylene Adhesion through Acetylated Kraft Lignin Incorporation Biomass kraft lignin acetylated lignin polypropylene surface free energy practical adhesion |
| title | Enhancement of Polypropylene Adhesion through Acetylated Kraft Lignin Incorporation |
| title_full | Enhancement of Polypropylene Adhesion through Acetylated Kraft Lignin Incorporation |
| title_fullStr | Enhancement of Polypropylene Adhesion through Acetylated Kraft Lignin Incorporation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancement of Polypropylene Adhesion through Acetylated Kraft Lignin Incorporation |
| title_short | Enhancement of Polypropylene Adhesion through Acetylated Kraft Lignin Incorporation |
| title_sort | enhancement of polypropylene adhesion through acetylated kraft lignin incorporation |
| topic | kraft lignin acetylated lignin polypropylene surface free energy practical adhesion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8783/4/3/51 |
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