Catalytic and Tribological Performances of a Novel Bi-Functional Ionic Liquid in Lubricating Ester Oil
To address the detrimental effects of the residue of catalysts on the tribological performances of ester lubricants, a novel and efficient bi-functional ionic liquid 1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-methylimidazole di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate ([(BHT-1)MIM][DEHP]) was prepared. The catalyst not...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Yanan Wang Huaigang Su Jun Yin Cheng Jiang Qilong Zhao Wenjing Lou Qian Jia |
| author_facet | Yanan Wang Huaigang Su Jun Yin Cheng Jiang Qilong Zhao Wenjing Lou Qian Jia |
| author_sort | Yanan Wang |
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| description | To address the detrimental effects of the residue of catalysts on the tribological performances of ester lubricants, a novel and efficient bi-functional ionic liquid 1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-methylimidazole di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate ([(BHT-1)MIM][DEHP]) was prepared. The catalyst not only facilitates the synthesis of pentaerythritol tetra-hexanoate (PETH) through the catalytic esterification reaction—achieving up to 96% conversion with a 94% yield—but also enhances the tribological performance of ester oil PETH when used as a lubricant additive. The tribological property has been improved remarkably: the mean friction coefficient for PETH + [(BHT-1)MIM][DEHP] is notably lower, at 0.110, compared to the PETH, which has a coefficient of 0.180. Meanwhile, the wear scar diameter of the steel ball, when lubricated with PETH + [(BHT-1)MIM][DEHP], is notably smaller than that of a steel ball lubricated solely with PETH. Especially, the reduction in the wear volume at 100 °C is up to 81.46% compared with the base oil PETH. [(BHT-1)MIM][DEHP], PETH + [(BHT-1)MIM][DEHP], and the worn track of the upper running ball and lower disc were systematically characterized by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra, a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR), a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Thermal gravity analysis (TG), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and an optical microscope (OM). The wear mechanism of the tailored lubricant oil was discussed in terms of the chemical composition of the worn surface. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d4d0c102da004e74b9753a24bbd2c524 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2075-4442 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Lubricants |
| spelling | doaj-art-d4d0c102da004e74b9753a24bbd2c5242025-08-20T03:12:02ZengMDPI AGLubricants2075-44422025-01-011324510.3390/lubricants13020045Catalytic and Tribological Performances of a Novel Bi-Functional Ionic Liquid in Lubricating Ester OilYanan Wang0Huaigang Su1Jun Yin2Cheng Jiang3Qilong Zhao4Wenjing Lou5Qian Jia6State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaTo address the detrimental effects of the residue of catalysts on the tribological performances of ester lubricants, a novel and efficient bi-functional ionic liquid 1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-methylimidazole di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate ([(BHT-1)MIM][DEHP]) was prepared. The catalyst not only facilitates the synthesis of pentaerythritol tetra-hexanoate (PETH) through the catalytic esterification reaction—achieving up to 96% conversion with a 94% yield—but also enhances the tribological performance of ester oil PETH when used as a lubricant additive. The tribological property has been improved remarkably: the mean friction coefficient for PETH + [(BHT-1)MIM][DEHP] is notably lower, at 0.110, compared to the PETH, which has a coefficient of 0.180. Meanwhile, the wear scar diameter of the steel ball, when lubricated with PETH + [(BHT-1)MIM][DEHP], is notably smaller than that of a steel ball lubricated solely with PETH. Especially, the reduction in the wear volume at 100 °C is up to 81.46% compared with the base oil PETH. [(BHT-1)MIM][DEHP], PETH + [(BHT-1)MIM][DEHP], and the worn track of the upper running ball and lower disc were systematically characterized by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra, a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR), a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Thermal gravity analysis (TG), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and an optical microscope (OM). The wear mechanism of the tailored lubricant oil was discussed in terms of the chemical composition of the worn surface.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/2/45bi-functional ionic liquidester oilcatalystlubricant additive |
| spellingShingle | Yanan Wang Huaigang Su Jun Yin Cheng Jiang Qilong Zhao Wenjing Lou Qian Jia Catalytic and Tribological Performances of a Novel Bi-Functional Ionic Liquid in Lubricating Ester Oil Lubricants bi-functional ionic liquid ester oil catalyst lubricant additive |
| title | Catalytic and Tribological Performances of a Novel Bi-Functional Ionic Liquid in Lubricating Ester Oil |
| title_full | Catalytic and Tribological Performances of a Novel Bi-Functional Ionic Liquid in Lubricating Ester Oil |
| title_fullStr | Catalytic and Tribological Performances of a Novel Bi-Functional Ionic Liquid in Lubricating Ester Oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Catalytic and Tribological Performances of a Novel Bi-Functional Ionic Liquid in Lubricating Ester Oil |
| title_short | Catalytic and Tribological Performances of a Novel Bi-Functional Ionic Liquid in Lubricating Ester Oil |
| title_sort | catalytic and tribological performances of a novel bi functional ionic liquid in lubricating ester oil |
| topic | bi-functional ionic liquid ester oil catalyst lubricant additive |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/2/45 |
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