Phytochemicals for mitigating the COVID-19 crisis: evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in December 2019 quickly escalated to pandemic levels and had a severe impact on public health. There are 761 million confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, with over 6.88 million deaths worldwide ti...
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Open Exploration
2023-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100824/100824.pdf |
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| author | Atri Das Swarnali Khan Syamal Roy Shantanabha Das |
| author_facet | Atri Das Swarnali Khan Syamal Roy Shantanabha Das |
| author_sort | Atri Das |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in December 2019 quickly escalated to pandemic levels and had a severe impact on public health. There are 761 million confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, with over 6.88 million deaths worldwide till March 2023. Severe cases of the disease caused critical respiratory failure followed by multiorgan involvement. Clinical escalation of COVID-19 has been correlated with markedly increased plasma inflammatory markers [e.g., C-reactive protein (CRP)] and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels [e.g., interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)]. Therapeutic options have mostly utilized corticosteroids, antivirals (e.g., remdesivir), and monoclonal antibody-based immunomodulation (e.g., tocilizumab). These existing treatments have adverse side effects, inadequate efficacy, and limitations in administering to patients with comorbidities and other underlying diseases. Monoclonal antibody-based therapies and some of the antivirals are very costly. Many phytochemicals have previously reported anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. Studying the effectiveness of such phytochemicals against COVID-19 and identifying new plant-derived molecules with antiviral properties have been a focus since the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. This review article has documented in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies encompassing 28 different phytochemicals belonging to various chemical groups (e.g., polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenes) that show anti-COVID-19 activity. These findings suggest that multiple phytochemicals can interfere with virus entry and replication inside the host cell. Many of them can protect from cytokine storm by acting on intracellular signalling pathways in addition to inhibiting virus multiplication. Phytochemicals may prove useful in alleviating post-COVID complications associated with kidney injury, and central nervous system complications, as well. Plant-derived compounds are usually cheaper and have fewer side effects. But, developing new formulations with better absorption and bioavailability remains a priority. This review informs the readers of the current status and indicates the ongoing research in this highly relevant field. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d4cc9d98eeb942b9b4a1c5432b8d2f75 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2836-7677 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Open Exploration |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Exploration of Drug Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-d4cc9d98eeb942b9b4a1c5432b8d2f752025-02-08T03:49:04ZengOpen ExplorationExploration of Drug Science2836-76772023-10-011533637610.37349/eds.2023.00024Phytochemicals for mitigating the COVID-19 crisis: evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studiesAtri Das0https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2447-2643Swarnali Khan1Syamal Roy2Shantanabha Das3https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8107-4250Department of Zoology, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Sarisha 743368, West Bengal, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Sarisha 743368, West Bengal, IndiaInfectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Sarisha 743368, West Bengal, IndiaThe outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in December 2019 quickly escalated to pandemic levels and had a severe impact on public health. There are 761 million confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, with over 6.88 million deaths worldwide till March 2023. Severe cases of the disease caused critical respiratory failure followed by multiorgan involvement. Clinical escalation of COVID-19 has been correlated with markedly increased plasma inflammatory markers [e.g., C-reactive protein (CRP)] and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels [e.g., interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)]. Therapeutic options have mostly utilized corticosteroids, antivirals (e.g., remdesivir), and monoclonal antibody-based immunomodulation (e.g., tocilizumab). These existing treatments have adverse side effects, inadequate efficacy, and limitations in administering to patients with comorbidities and other underlying diseases. Monoclonal antibody-based therapies and some of the antivirals are very costly. Many phytochemicals have previously reported anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. Studying the effectiveness of such phytochemicals against COVID-19 and identifying new plant-derived molecules with antiviral properties have been a focus since the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. This review article has documented in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies encompassing 28 different phytochemicals belonging to various chemical groups (e.g., polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenes) that show anti-COVID-19 activity. These findings suggest that multiple phytochemicals can interfere with virus entry and replication inside the host cell. Many of them can protect from cytokine storm by acting on intracellular signalling pathways in addition to inhibiting virus multiplication. Phytochemicals may prove useful in alleviating post-COVID complications associated with kidney injury, and central nervous system complications, as well. Plant-derived compounds are usually cheaper and have fewer side effects. But, developing new formulations with better absorption and bioavailability remains a priority. This review informs the readers of the current status and indicates the ongoing research in this highly relevant field.https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100824/100824.pdfcoronavirus disease 2019severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2phytochemicalsinflammationcytokine stormantiviralscombination therapy |
| spellingShingle | Atri Das Swarnali Khan Syamal Roy Shantanabha Das Phytochemicals for mitigating the COVID-19 crisis: evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies Exploration of Drug Science coronavirus disease 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 phytochemicals inflammation cytokine storm antivirals combination therapy |
| title | Phytochemicals for mitigating the COVID-19 crisis: evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies |
| title_full | Phytochemicals for mitigating the COVID-19 crisis: evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemicals for mitigating the COVID-19 crisis: evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemicals for mitigating the COVID-19 crisis: evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies |
| title_short | Phytochemicals for mitigating the COVID-19 crisis: evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies |
| title_sort | phytochemicals for mitigating the covid 19 crisis evidence from pre clinical and clinical studies |
| topic | coronavirus disease 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 phytochemicals inflammation cytokine storm antivirals combination therapy |
| url | https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100824/100824.pdf |
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