Approved and Emerging Hormone-Based Anti-Obesity Medications: A Review Article
Obesity is a heterogeneous, complex, and chronic disease that has a detrimental impact on disability-adjusted life years across the globe. Recent advancements in our understanding of gut-brain communication at the molecular level have driven the development of next-generation anti-obesity medication...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijem.ijem_442_23 |
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| author | Wael R. Sidrak Sanjay Kalra Atul Kalhan |
| author_facet | Wael R. Sidrak Sanjay Kalra Atul Kalhan |
| author_sort | Wael R. Sidrak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Obesity is a heterogeneous, complex, and chronic disease that has a detrimental impact on disability-adjusted life years across the globe. Recent advancements in our understanding of gut-brain communication at the molecular level have driven the development of next-generation anti-obesity medications (AOMs). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) remain the front-runners in this rapidly evolving landscape of hormone-based AOMs. Two GLP1RAs, namely Liraglutide and Semaglutide, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicine Agency (EMA) for use in clinical practice for weight loss. Three oral GLP1RAs, namely Semaglutide, Danuglipron, and Orforglipron, are undergoing advanced clinical trials in individuals with obesity. Amylin receptor agonist (AMYRA) Cagrilintide, when used alone or in combination with Semaglutide, has demonstrated substantial weight reduction in clinical trials. Tirzepatide, a dual agonist for the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GLP-1 receptors, has been observed to be associated with a significant placebo-subtracted weight reduction of 17.8% in a 72-week randomized controlled trial. Novel approaches targeting glucagon signalling have also yielded promising preliminary results. Three long-acting GLP1R/glucagon receptor (GCGR) dual agonists, namely Survodutide, Mazdutide, and Pemvidutide, exhibited significant weight loss in clinical trials. Retatrutide, a GLP1R/GCGR/GIPR tri-agonist, has been associated with a placebo-subtracted weight reduction of -22.1% in a 48-week phase-II trial. As a note of caution, long-term data on such medications’ safety and cardiovascular benefits is yet to be ascertained. Our review provides a comprehensive overview of the approved and emerging hormone-based AOMs, highlighting the diversity of options that might become available in the near future. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d4c675bfdb2e4eedbe3fa93993eac790 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2230-8210 2230-9500 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj-art-d4c675bfdb2e4eedbe3fa93993eac7902025-08-20T01:59:26ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIndian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism2230-82102230-95002024-11-0128544546010.4103/ijem.ijem_442_23Approved and Emerging Hormone-Based Anti-Obesity Medications: A Review ArticleWael R. SidrakSanjay KalraAtul KalhanObesity is a heterogeneous, complex, and chronic disease that has a detrimental impact on disability-adjusted life years across the globe. Recent advancements in our understanding of gut-brain communication at the molecular level have driven the development of next-generation anti-obesity medications (AOMs). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) remain the front-runners in this rapidly evolving landscape of hormone-based AOMs. Two GLP1RAs, namely Liraglutide and Semaglutide, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicine Agency (EMA) for use in clinical practice for weight loss. Three oral GLP1RAs, namely Semaglutide, Danuglipron, and Orforglipron, are undergoing advanced clinical trials in individuals with obesity. Amylin receptor agonist (AMYRA) Cagrilintide, when used alone or in combination with Semaglutide, has demonstrated substantial weight reduction in clinical trials. Tirzepatide, a dual agonist for the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GLP-1 receptors, has been observed to be associated with a significant placebo-subtracted weight reduction of 17.8% in a 72-week randomized controlled trial. Novel approaches targeting glucagon signalling have also yielded promising preliminary results. Three long-acting GLP1R/glucagon receptor (GCGR) dual agonists, namely Survodutide, Mazdutide, and Pemvidutide, exhibited significant weight loss in clinical trials. Retatrutide, a GLP1R/GCGR/GIPR tri-agonist, has been associated with a placebo-subtracted weight reduction of -22.1% in a 48-week phase-II trial. As a note of caution, long-term data on such medications’ safety and cardiovascular benefits is yet to be ascertained. Our review provides a comprehensive overview of the approved and emerging hormone-based AOMs, highlighting the diversity of options that might become available in the near future.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijem.ijem_442_23amylinanti-obesity medicationdual receptor agonistsglucagonglucagon-like peptide-1glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptideobesitypeptide tyrosine-tyrosinetriple receptor agonistsweight management |
| spellingShingle | Wael R. Sidrak Sanjay Kalra Atul Kalhan Approved and Emerging Hormone-Based Anti-Obesity Medications: A Review Article Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism amylin anti-obesity medication dual receptor agonists glucagon glucagon-like peptide-1 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide obesity peptide tyrosine-tyrosine triple receptor agonists weight management |
| title | Approved and Emerging Hormone-Based Anti-Obesity Medications: A Review Article |
| title_full | Approved and Emerging Hormone-Based Anti-Obesity Medications: A Review Article |
| title_fullStr | Approved and Emerging Hormone-Based Anti-Obesity Medications: A Review Article |
| title_full_unstemmed | Approved and Emerging Hormone-Based Anti-Obesity Medications: A Review Article |
| title_short | Approved and Emerging Hormone-Based Anti-Obesity Medications: A Review Article |
| title_sort | approved and emerging hormone based anti obesity medications a review article |
| topic | amylin anti-obesity medication dual receptor agonists glucagon glucagon-like peptide-1 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide obesity peptide tyrosine-tyrosine triple receptor agonists weight management |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijem.ijem_442_23 |
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