Approximate t-Designs in Generic Circuit Architectures

Unitary t-designs are distributions on the unitary group whose first t moments appear maximally random. Previous work has established several upper bounds on the depths at which certain specific random quantum circuit ensembles approximate t-designs. Here we show that these bounds can be extended to...

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Main Authors: Daniel Belkin, James Allen, Soumik Ghosh, Christopher Kang, Sophia Lin, James Sud, Frederic T. Chong, Bill Fefferman, Bryan K. Clark
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2024-12-01
Series:PRX Quantum
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.5.040344
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author Daniel Belkin
James Allen
Soumik Ghosh
Christopher Kang
Sophia Lin
James Sud
Frederic T. Chong
Bill Fefferman
Bryan K. Clark
author_facet Daniel Belkin
James Allen
Soumik Ghosh
Christopher Kang
Sophia Lin
James Sud
Frederic T. Chong
Bill Fefferman
Bryan K. Clark
author_sort Daniel Belkin
collection DOAJ
description Unitary t-designs are distributions on the unitary group whose first t moments appear maximally random. Previous work has established several upper bounds on the depths at which certain specific random quantum circuit ensembles approximate t-designs. Here we show that these bounds can be extended to any fixed architecture of Haar-random two-site gates. This is accomplished by relating the spectral gaps of such architectures to those of one-dimensional brickwork architectures. Our bound depends on the details of the architecture only via the typical number of layers needed for a block of the circuit to form a connected graph over the sites. When this quantity is bounded, the circuit forms an approximate t-design in at most linear depth. We give numerical evidence for a stronger bound that depends only on the number of connected blocks into which the architecture can be divided. We also give an implicit bound for nondeterministic architectures in terms of properties of the corresponding distribution over fixed architectures.
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publisher American Physical Society
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spelling doaj-art-d4c114325ea54d28964f709adffbbd5d2025-08-20T02:36:49ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPRX Quantum2691-33992024-12-015404034410.1103/PRXQuantum.5.040344Approximate t-Designs in Generic Circuit ArchitecturesDaniel BelkinJames AllenSoumik GhoshChristopher KangSophia LinJames SudFrederic T. ChongBill FeffermanBryan K. ClarkUnitary t-designs are distributions on the unitary group whose first t moments appear maximally random. Previous work has established several upper bounds on the depths at which certain specific random quantum circuit ensembles approximate t-designs. Here we show that these bounds can be extended to any fixed architecture of Haar-random two-site gates. This is accomplished by relating the spectral gaps of such architectures to those of one-dimensional brickwork architectures. Our bound depends on the details of the architecture only via the typical number of layers needed for a block of the circuit to form a connected graph over the sites. When this quantity is bounded, the circuit forms an approximate t-design in at most linear depth. We give numerical evidence for a stronger bound that depends only on the number of connected blocks into which the architecture can be divided. We also give an implicit bound for nondeterministic architectures in terms of properties of the corresponding distribution over fixed architectures.http://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.5.040344
spellingShingle Daniel Belkin
James Allen
Soumik Ghosh
Christopher Kang
Sophia Lin
James Sud
Frederic T. Chong
Bill Fefferman
Bryan K. Clark
Approximate t-Designs in Generic Circuit Architectures
PRX Quantum
title Approximate t-Designs in Generic Circuit Architectures
title_full Approximate t-Designs in Generic Circuit Architectures
title_fullStr Approximate t-Designs in Generic Circuit Architectures
title_full_unstemmed Approximate t-Designs in Generic Circuit Architectures
title_short Approximate t-Designs in Generic Circuit Architectures
title_sort approximate t designs in generic circuit architectures
url http://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.5.040344
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