The Heterogenous Presentation of Hepatic Mucormycosis in Adults: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Hepatic mucormycosis is a rare but often fatal opportunistic fungal infection, primarily affecting immunocompromised patients. Herein, we report such a case from MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX, USA) and systematically review published cases in patients ≥ 19 years of age to better characteriz...

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Main Authors: Hazim Allos, Rachel S. Hicklen, Takahiro Matsuo, Javier Adachi, Sebastian Wurster, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Fungi
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/6/408
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Summary:Hepatic mucormycosis is a rare but often fatal opportunistic fungal infection, primarily affecting immunocompromised patients. Herein, we report such a case from MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX, USA) and systematically review published cases in patients ≥ 19 years of age to better characterize clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and treatment outcomes of hepatic mucormycosis. Among the 40 identified cases (including ours), hematologic malignancies (55%) and solid organ transplantation (30%) were the most common underlying conditions. Fever (70%) and abdominal pain (63%) were the predominant symptoms. Imaging revealed multiple hepatic lesions in 72% of cases. Diagnosis was primarily based on histopathology (73%), whereas culture positivity was low (36%), underscoring the difficulty of pathogen isolation. Mucorales-active antifungal therapy was often delayed but eventually used in 85% of cases (all amphotericin B +/− Mucorales-active triazoles), while 45% underwent additional surgical intervention. Despite treatment, 1-year all-cause mortality remained high at 46%, with a trend towards lower mortality for those who underwent surgery compared to non-surgical management (35% vs. 55%, <i>p</i> = 0.334). These findings highlight the aggressive nature of hepatic mucormycosis and the importance of early recognition as well as the need for non-culture-based diagnostics and multimodal treatment approaches. Improved awareness and further research into optimized management strategies are crucial to improve the outcomes of this challenging infection.
ISSN:2309-608X