Interaction of gas bubbles and dendrite interfaces during directional solidification: Modeling and experiment

A two-dimensional (2-D) cellular automaton–finite difference–lattice Boltzmann (CA–FD–LB) model, combined with in situ directional solidification experiments using a transparent SCN-ACE alloy, is employed to investigate gas bubble–dendrite interactions. The model couples CA for dendrite growth, FD f...

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Main Authors: Mengdan Hu, Dongke Sun, Qingyu Zhang, Mingfang Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Materials & Design
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525007233
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author Mengdan Hu
Dongke Sun
Qingyu Zhang
Mingfang Zhu
author_facet Mengdan Hu
Dongke Sun
Qingyu Zhang
Mingfang Zhu
author_sort Mengdan Hu
collection DOAJ
description A two-dimensional (2-D) cellular automaton–finite difference–lattice Boltzmann (CA–FD–LB) model, combined with in situ directional solidification experiments using a transparent SCN-ACE alloy, is employed to investigate gas bubble–dendrite interactions. The model couples CA for dendrite growth, FD for solute diffusion, and the Shan–Chen LB method for multiphase fluid dynamics. Validation tests, including Laplace’s law and contact angle predictions, confirm the model’s reliability. Simulations and experiments under comparable solidification conditions systematically explore two key interaction modes: bubble engulfment and entrapment. Results show that bubbles act as solute sinks, locally altering the solute field and accelerating solid envelope formation. Quantitative analyses reveal that larger bubbles induce stronger solute redistribution, suppress side branches, and promote dendrite spacing adjustment by eliminating and regenerating dendrites. The relative position between the bubble and dendrite tip also significantly affects interaction morphology. Furthermore, multibubble–multidendrite interactions are modeled to reflect complex real conditions. The simulated dendrite evolution, solute field variation, and interface morphology show good agreement with experimental observations, demonstrating the model’s capability to capture realistic phase interactions and to provide insights into the mechanism of bubble-induced perturbations in solidification microstructures.
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series Materials & Design
spelling doaj-art-d49cbe3af63a4621afed461a665f4ccf2025-08-20T03:26:56ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752025-08-0125611430310.1016/j.matdes.2025.114303Interaction of gas bubbles and dendrite interfaces during directional solidification: Modeling and experimentMengdan Hu0Dongke Sun1Qingyu Zhang2Mingfang Zhu3Key Laboratory of Structure and Thermal Protection of High Speed Aircraft, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, ChinaKey Laboratory of Structure and Thermal Protection of High Speed Aircraft, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Corresponding author.Shagang School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, ChinaA two-dimensional (2-D) cellular automaton–finite difference–lattice Boltzmann (CA–FD–LB) model, combined with in situ directional solidification experiments using a transparent SCN-ACE alloy, is employed to investigate gas bubble–dendrite interactions. The model couples CA for dendrite growth, FD for solute diffusion, and the Shan–Chen LB method for multiphase fluid dynamics. Validation tests, including Laplace’s law and contact angle predictions, confirm the model’s reliability. Simulations and experiments under comparable solidification conditions systematically explore two key interaction modes: bubble engulfment and entrapment. Results show that bubbles act as solute sinks, locally altering the solute field and accelerating solid envelope formation. Quantitative analyses reveal that larger bubbles induce stronger solute redistribution, suppress side branches, and promote dendrite spacing adjustment by eliminating and regenerating dendrites. The relative position between the bubble and dendrite tip also significantly affects interaction morphology. Furthermore, multibubble–multidendrite interactions are modeled to reflect complex real conditions. The simulated dendrite evolution, solute field variation, and interface morphology show good agreement with experimental observations, demonstrating the model’s capability to capture realistic phase interactions and to provide insights into the mechanism of bubble-induced perturbations in solidification microstructures.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525007233Directional solidificationBubble–dendrite interactionInterface morphology evolutionSolute redistributionMicrostructure modeling
spellingShingle Mengdan Hu
Dongke Sun
Qingyu Zhang
Mingfang Zhu
Interaction of gas bubbles and dendrite interfaces during directional solidification: Modeling and experiment
Materials & Design
Directional solidification
Bubble–dendrite interaction
Interface morphology evolution
Solute redistribution
Microstructure modeling
title Interaction of gas bubbles and dendrite interfaces during directional solidification: Modeling and experiment
title_full Interaction of gas bubbles and dendrite interfaces during directional solidification: Modeling and experiment
title_fullStr Interaction of gas bubbles and dendrite interfaces during directional solidification: Modeling and experiment
title_full_unstemmed Interaction of gas bubbles and dendrite interfaces during directional solidification: Modeling and experiment
title_short Interaction of gas bubbles and dendrite interfaces during directional solidification: Modeling and experiment
title_sort interaction of gas bubbles and dendrite interfaces during directional solidification modeling and experiment
topic Directional solidification
Bubble–dendrite interaction
Interface morphology evolution
Solute redistribution
Microstructure modeling
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525007233
work_keys_str_mv AT mengdanhu interactionofgasbubblesanddendriteinterfacesduringdirectionalsolidificationmodelingandexperiment
AT dongkesun interactionofgasbubblesanddendriteinterfacesduringdirectionalsolidificationmodelingandexperiment
AT qingyuzhang interactionofgasbubblesanddendriteinterfacesduringdirectionalsolidificationmodelingandexperiment
AT mingfangzhu interactionofgasbubblesanddendriteinterfacesduringdirectionalsolidificationmodelingandexperiment