Tracking Post-Fire Vegetation Regrowth and Burned Areas Using Bitemporal Sentinel-1 SAR Data: A Google Earth Engine Approach in Heath Vegetation of Mooloolah River National Park, Queensland, Australia

This study utilizes the unique capabilities of Sentinel-1 C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to map post-fire burned areas and monitor vegetation recovery in a heath-dominated Queensland National Park. Sentinel-1 SAR data were used due to their cloud-penetrating capability and frequent revis...

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Main Authors: Harikesh Singh, Prashant K. Srivastava, Rajendra Prasad, Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/12/2031
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author Harikesh Singh
Prashant K. Srivastava
Rajendra Prasad
Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava
author_facet Harikesh Singh
Prashant K. Srivastava
Rajendra Prasad
Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava
author_sort Harikesh Singh
collection DOAJ
description This study utilizes the unique capabilities of Sentinel-1 C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to map post-fire burned areas and monitor vegetation recovery in a heath-dominated Queensland National Park. Sentinel-1 SAR data were used due to their cloud-penetrating capability and frequent revisit times. Using Google Earth Engine (GEE), a bitemporal ratio analysis was applied to SAR data from post-fire periods between 2021 and 2023. SAR backscatter changes over time captured fire impacts and subsequent vegetation regrowth. This differentiation was further enhanced with k-means clustering. Validation was supported by Sentinel-2 dNBR and official fire history records. The dNBR provided a quantitative assessment of burn severity and was used alongside the fire history data to evaluate the accuracy of the burned area classification. While Sentinel-2 false-colour composite (FCC) imagery was generated for visualisation and interpretation purposes, the primary validation relied on dNBR and QPWS fire history records. The results highlighted significant vegetation regrowth, with some areas returning to near pre-fire biomass levels by March 2023. This approach demonstrates the sensitivity of Sentinel-1 SAR, especially in VV polarization, for detecting subtle changes in vegetation, providing a cost-effective method for post-fire ecosystem monitoring and informing ecological management strategies amid increasing wildfire events.
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spelling doaj-art-d48f687bb7bb4a928649134cf9b1a1042025-08-20T03:16:39ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-06-011712203110.3390/rs17122031Tracking Post-Fire Vegetation Regrowth and Burned Areas Using Bitemporal Sentinel-1 SAR Data: A Google Earth Engine Approach in Heath Vegetation of Mooloolah River National Park, Queensland, AustraliaHarikesh Singh0Prashant K. Srivastava1Rajendra Prasad2Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava3Geospatial Analytics for Conservation & Management, School of Science Engineering and Technology, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, AustraliaGeospatial Analytics for Conservation & Management, School of Science Engineering and Technology, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, AustraliaDepartment of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, IndiaGeospatial Analytics for Conservation & Management, School of Science Engineering and Technology, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, AustraliaThis study utilizes the unique capabilities of Sentinel-1 C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to map post-fire burned areas and monitor vegetation recovery in a heath-dominated Queensland National Park. Sentinel-1 SAR data were used due to their cloud-penetrating capability and frequent revisit times. Using Google Earth Engine (GEE), a bitemporal ratio analysis was applied to SAR data from post-fire periods between 2021 and 2023. SAR backscatter changes over time captured fire impacts and subsequent vegetation regrowth. This differentiation was further enhanced with k-means clustering. Validation was supported by Sentinel-2 dNBR and official fire history records. The dNBR provided a quantitative assessment of burn severity and was used alongside the fire history data to evaluate the accuracy of the burned area classification. While Sentinel-2 false-colour composite (FCC) imagery was generated for visualisation and interpretation purposes, the primary validation relied on dNBR and QPWS fire history records. The results highlighted significant vegetation regrowth, with some areas returning to near pre-fire biomass levels by March 2023. This approach demonstrates the sensitivity of Sentinel-1 SAR, especially in VV polarization, for detecting subtle changes in vegetation, providing a cost-effective method for post-fire ecosystem monitoring and informing ecological management strategies amid increasing wildfire events.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/12/2031Sentinel-1 SARbitemporal ratio analysispost-fire vegetation recoveryGoogle Earth Engine (GEE)burned area mappingvegetation regrowth
spellingShingle Harikesh Singh
Prashant K. Srivastava
Rajendra Prasad
Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava
Tracking Post-Fire Vegetation Regrowth and Burned Areas Using Bitemporal Sentinel-1 SAR Data: A Google Earth Engine Approach in Heath Vegetation of Mooloolah River National Park, Queensland, Australia
Remote Sensing
Sentinel-1 SAR
bitemporal ratio analysis
post-fire vegetation recovery
Google Earth Engine (GEE)
burned area mapping
vegetation regrowth
title Tracking Post-Fire Vegetation Regrowth and Burned Areas Using Bitemporal Sentinel-1 SAR Data: A Google Earth Engine Approach in Heath Vegetation of Mooloolah River National Park, Queensland, Australia
title_full Tracking Post-Fire Vegetation Regrowth and Burned Areas Using Bitemporal Sentinel-1 SAR Data: A Google Earth Engine Approach in Heath Vegetation of Mooloolah River National Park, Queensland, Australia
title_fullStr Tracking Post-Fire Vegetation Regrowth and Burned Areas Using Bitemporal Sentinel-1 SAR Data: A Google Earth Engine Approach in Heath Vegetation of Mooloolah River National Park, Queensland, Australia
title_full_unstemmed Tracking Post-Fire Vegetation Regrowth and Burned Areas Using Bitemporal Sentinel-1 SAR Data: A Google Earth Engine Approach in Heath Vegetation of Mooloolah River National Park, Queensland, Australia
title_short Tracking Post-Fire Vegetation Regrowth and Burned Areas Using Bitemporal Sentinel-1 SAR Data: A Google Earth Engine Approach in Heath Vegetation of Mooloolah River National Park, Queensland, Australia
title_sort tracking post fire vegetation regrowth and burned areas using bitemporal sentinel 1 sar data a google earth engine approach in heath vegetation of mooloolah river national park queensland australia
topic Sentinel-1 SAR
bitemporal ratio analysis
post-fire vegetation recovery
Google Earth Engine (GEE)
burned area mapping
vegetation regrowth
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/12/2031
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