Are Salivary and Plasma Levels of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Elevated in Subjects With Chronic Periodontitis?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) are crucial in the detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) during periodontitis, resulting in exacerbated production of proinflammatory cytokines and ultimately tissue damage and bone loss associated with this periodontal disease. This systemat...

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Main Authors: Mario Alberto Alarcón-Sánchez, Ruth Rodríguez-Montaño, Sarah Monserrat Lomelí-Martínez, Cristina Hermila Martínez-Bugarin, Seyed Ali Mosaddad, Artak Heboyan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:International Journal of Inflammation
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijin/7405066
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author Mario Alberto Alarcón-Sánchez
Ruth Rodríguez-Montaño
Sarah Monserrat Lomelí-Martínez
Cristina Hermila Martínez-Bugarin
Seyed Ali Mosaddad
Artak Heboyan
author_facet Mario Alberto Alarcón-Sánchez
Ruth Rodríguez-Montaño
Sarah Monserrat Lomelí-Martínez
Cristina Hermila Martínez-Bugarin
Seyed Ali Mosaddad
Artak Heboyan
author_sort Mario Alberto Alarcón-Sánchez
collection DOAJ
description Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) are crucial in the detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) during periodontitis, resulting in exacerbated production of proinflammatory cytokines and ultimately tissue damage and bone loss associated with this periodontal disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to systematically analyze and quantify the differences between TLR2 and TLR4 levels in the saliva and plasma of individuals with chronic periodontitis (CP) and systemically and periodontally healthy subjects (SPHS). The databases consulted were Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed from 2011 to 2024 to locate cross-sectional studies that measured TLR2 and TLR4 levels. Studies selected were human research articles published in English, evaluating these biomarkers through ELISA. Data were extracted, and the quality of studies was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool for observational studies. Meta-analyses were executed using STATA V.15 (StataCorp LP, College Station, Texas) employing fixed or random-effects models based on the degree of heterogeneity using I2 statistics. Out of 404 articles found, four studies were included for both qualitative and quantitative synthesis. We found an increase in salivary TLR4 levels in subjects with CP compared with SPHS (SMD = 265.217 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 109.311–421.122); p=0.001). As well as an increase in plasma levels of TLR4 in subjects with CP compared with SPHS (SMD = 2.93 (95% CI = 1.57–4.29); p=0.001). TLR4 concentrations in saliva and plasma of subjects with CP were higher than those observed in the healthy population. However, further validation in larger prospective studies is needed before clinical implementation.
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spelling doaj-art-d48cc2736e1c43be968a85a2fd0de15d2025-08-20T02:24:58ZengWileyInternational Journal of Inflammation2042-00992025-01-01202510.1155/ijin/7405066Are Salivary and Plasma Levels of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Elevated in Subjects With Chronic Periodontitis?: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisMario Alberto Alarcón-Sánchez0Ruth Rodríguez-Montaño1Sarah Monserrat Lomelí-Martínez2Cristina Hermila Martínez-Bugarin3Seyed Ali Mosaddad4Artak Heboyan5Molecular Biology in Medicine ProgramInstitute of Research in DentistryDepartment of Medical and Life SciencesInstitute of Research in DentistryDepartment of Research AnalyticsDepartment of ProsthodonticsToll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) are crucial in the detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) during periodontitis, resulting in exacerbated production of proinflammatory cytokines and ultimately tissue damage and bone loss associated with this periodontal disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to systematically analyze and quantify the differences between TLR2 and TLR4 levels in the saliva and plasma of individuals with chronic periodontitis (CP) and systemically and periodontally healthy subjects (SPHS). The databases consulted were Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed from 2011 to 2024 to locate cross-sectional studies that measured TLR2 and TLR4 levels. Studies selected were human research articles published in English, evaluating these biomarkers through ELISA. Data were extracted, and the quality of studies was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool for observational studies. Meta-analyses were executed using STATA V.15 (StataCorp LP, College Station, Texas) employing fixed or random-effects models based on the degree of heterogeneity using I2 statistics. Out of 404 articles found, four studies were included for both qualitative and quantitative synthesis. We found an increase in salivary TLR4 levels in subjects with CP compared with SPHS (SMD = 265.217 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 109.311–421.122); p=0.001). As well as an increase in plasma levels of TLR4 in subjects with CP compared with SPHS (SMD = 2.93 (95% CI = 1.57–4.29); p=0.001). TLR4 concentrations in saliva and plasma of subjects with CP were higher than those observed in the healthy population. However, further validation in larger prospective studies is needed before clinical implementation.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijin/7405066
spellingShingle Mario Alberto Alarcón-Sánchez
Ruth Rodríguez-Montaño
Sarah Monserrat Lomelí-Martínez
Cristina Hermila Martínez-Bugarin
Seyed Ali Mosaddad
Artak Heboyan
Are Salivary and Plasma Levels of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Elevated in Subjects With Chronic Periodontitis?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
International Journal of Inflammation
title Are Salivary and Plasma Levels of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Elevated in Subjects With Chronic Periodontitis?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full Are Salivary and Plasma Levels of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Elevated in Subjects With Chronic Periodontitis?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Are Salivary and Plasma Levels of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Elevated in Subjects With Chronic Periodontitis?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Are Salivary and Plasma Levels of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Elevated in Subjects With Chronic Periodontitis?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short Are Salivary and Plasma Levels of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Elevated in Subjects With Chronic Periodontitis?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort are salivary and plasma levels of toll like receptors 2 and 4 elevated in subjects with chronic periodontitis a systematic review and meta analysis
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijin/7405066
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