A biomechanical pilot case study on the effect of spinal fusion surgery on gait loading asymmetry in scoliosis patients

Spinal fusion surgery is commonly performed to correct spinal deformities in scoliosis patients; however, its effect on gait biomechanics, particularly ground reaction force (GRF) asymmetry, is not well established. This study investigates gait loading asymmetry before and four months after spinal f...

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Main Authors: Sadiq J. Hamandi, Hamza Abbas, Basma A. AlGhali, Safaa K. Alhussainy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025015014
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author Sadiq J. Hamandi
Hamza Abbas
Basma A. AlGhali
Safaa K. Alhussainy
author_facet Sadiq J. Hamandi
Hamza Abbas
Basma A. AlGhali
Safaa K. Alhussainy
author_sort Sadiq J. Hamandi
collection DOAJ
description Spinal fusion surgery is commonly performed to correct spinal deformities in scoliosis patients; however, its effect on gait biomechanics, particularly ground reaction force (GRF) asymmetry, is not well established. This study investigates gait loading asymmetry before and four months after spinal fusion surgery by analyzing GRF-derived parameters in patients with varying scoliosis severity. Five patients (four females, one male; aged 6–19) underwent level walking trials before and after surgery. GRFs were recorded using dual force plates in three dimensions. The Kinetic Asymmetry Index (KAI) quantified loading differences between limbs in the mediolateral (M-L), anterior-posterior (A-P), and vertical planes. No consistent reduction in asymmetry was found post-surgery. The M-L plane exhibited the highest asymmetry, with KAI increasing in 4 out of 5 patients. For example, KAI in braking peak time (t4) reached 90.2 % post-surgery in one case, indicating substantial temporal instability. Four patients showed increased propulsive force on the left side. Persistent abnormalities were observed in pre-swing phases across A-P and vertical components. Spinal fusion surgery did not yield measurable improvements in GRF symmetry. The results suggest compensatory gait mechanisms remain uncorrected without targeted rehabilitation. Post-operative therapy is recommended to restore kinetic balance and functional gait.
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spelling doaj-art-d484ad824f994bb688e278ed33ffdbf32025-08-20T03:48:11ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-06-012610543110.1016/j.rineng.2025.105431A biomechanical pilot case study on the effect of spinal fusion surgery on gait loading asymmetry in scoliosis patientsSadiq J. Hamandi0Hamza Abbas1Basma A. AlGhali2Safaa K. Alhussainy3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq; Corresponding author.Department of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, IraqDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, IraqThe Arab Board for Health Specialization in Iraq, Medical City, Baghdad, IraqSpinal fusion surgery is commonly performed to correct spinal deformities in scoliosis patients; however, its effect on gait biomechanics, particularly ground reaction force (GRF) asymmetry, is not well established. This study investigates gait loading asymmetry before and four months after spinal fusion surgery by analyzing GRF-derived parameters in patients with varying scoliosis severity. Five patients (four females, one male; aged 6–19) underwent level walking trials before and after surgery. GRFs were recorded using dual force plates in three dimensions. The Kinetic Asymmetry Index (KAI) quantified loading differences between limbs in the mediolateral (M-L), anterior-posterior (A-P), and vertical planes. No consistent reduction in asymmetry was found post-surgery. The M-L plane exhibited the highest asymmetry, with KAI increasing in 4 out of 5 patients. For example, KAI in braking peak time (t4) reached 90.2 % post-surgery in one case, indicating substantial temporal instability. Four patients showed increased propulsive force on the left side. Persistent abnormalities were observed in pre-swing phases across A-P and vertical components. Spinal fusion surgery did not yield measurable improvements in GRF symmetry. The results suggest compensatory gait mechanisms remain uncorrected without targeted rehabilitation. Post-operative therapy is recommended to restore kinetic balance and functional gait.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025015014ScoliosisGround reaction forceKinetic Asymmetry indexSpinal fusion surgery
spellingShingle Sadiq J. Hamandi
Hamza Abbas
Basma A. AlGhali
Safaa K. Alhussainy
A biomechanical pilot case study on the effect of spinal fusion surgery on gait loading asymmetry in scoliosis patients
Results in Engineering
Scoliosis
Ground reaction force
Kinetic Asymmetry index
Spinal fusion surgery
title A biomechanical pilot case study on the effect of spinal fusion surgery on gait loading asymmetry in scoliosis patients
title_full A biomechanical pilot case study on the effect of spinal fusion surgery on gait loading asymmetry in scoliosis patients
title_fullStr A biomechanical pilot case study on the effect of spinal fusion surgery on gait loading asymmetry in scoliosis patients
title_full_unstemmed A biomechanical pilot case study on the effect of spinal fusion surgery on gait loading asymmetry in scoliosis patients
title_short A biomechanical pilot case study on the effect of spinal fusion surgery on gait loading asymmetry in scoliosis patients
title_sort biomechanical pilot case study on the effect of spinal fusion surgery on gait loading asymmetry in scoliosis patients
topic Scoliosis
Ground reaction force
Kinetic Asymmetry index
Spinal fusion surgery
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025015014
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