A Systematic Analysis of a Small-Scale HAWT Configuration and Aerodynamic Performance Optimization Through Kriging, Factorial, and RSM Methods
The growth of greenhouse gases and the limitations linked to fossil fuels have intensified the drive to exploit renewable energy sources. Wind energy has emerged as an accessible and cost-effective clean energy solution, attracting the attention of scientists. Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) a...
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Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
2025-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics |
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| Online Access: | https://jacm.scu.ac.ir/article_19439_82100d37cc57505ad02ba7960bd57d29.pdf |
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| author | Farzad Ghafoorian Hui Wan Sahel Chegini |
| author_facet | Farzad Ghafoorian Hui Wan Sahel Chegini |
| author_sort | Farzad Ghafoorian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The growth of greenhouse gases and the limitations linked to fossil fuels have intensified the drive to exploit renewable energy sources. Wind energy has emerged as an accessible and cost-effective clean energy solution, attracting the attention of scientists. Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) are widely recognized as a common turbomachine for generating power from wind energy. Nevertheless, enhancing the system’s efficiency remains crucial. In this research, a small-scale HAWT is numerically studied using Qblade, a commercial code coupling the blade element momentum (BEM) approach with the actuator disc theory. This study explores the impact of design parameters, including rotor diameter, hub diameter, blade number, blade chord length distribution, twist angle distribution, and airfoil profile, on the turbine power coefficient. Subsequently, optimization efforts are applied to the results obtained for a 3-blade rotor with SG6043 airfoil profile using three distinct optimization methods: Kriging, factorial, and the classical polynomial Response Surface Method (RSM). The proposed geometries generated by the Kriging, factorial, and RSM methods are numerically analyzed using Qblade, yielding maximum Cp values of 0.450, 0.478, and 0.447 respectively. These values represent a respective improvement of 5.6%, 11%, and 5% compared to the base geometry, which had a Cp value of 0.425. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d474c9d8c58a45f2bb2d57bebcda3d5a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2383-4536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-10-01 |
| publisher | Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics |
| spelling | doaj-art-d474c9d8c58a45f2bb2d57bebcda3d5a2025-08-20T02:39:47ZengShahid Chamran University of AhvazJournal of Applied and Computational Mechanics2383-45362025-10-0111488790310.22055/jacm.2024.47896.482219439A Systematic Analysis of a Small-Scale HAWT Configuration and Aerodynamic Performance Optimization Through Kriging, Factorial, and RSM MethodsFarzad Ghafoorian0Hui Wan1Sahel Chegini2Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USADepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USASchool of Railway Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, IranThe growth of greenhouse gases and the limitations linked to fossil fuels have intensified the drive to exploit renewable energy sources. Wind energy has emerged as an accessible and cost-effective clean energy solution, attracting the attention of scientists. Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) are widely recognized as a common turbomachine for generating power from wind energy. Nevertheless, enhancing the system’s efficiency remains crucial. In this research, a small-scale HAWT is numerically studied using Qblade, a commercial code coupling the blade element momentum (BEM) approach with the actuator disc theory. This study explores the impact of design parameters, including rotor diameter, hub diameter, blade number, blade chord length distribution, twist angle distribution, and airfoil profile, on the turbine power coefficient. Subsequently, optimization efforts are applied to the results obtained for a 3-blade rotor with SG6043 airfoil profile using three distinct optimization methods: Kriging, factorial, and the classical polynomial Response Surface Method (RSM). The proposed geometries generated by the Kriging, factorial, and RSM methods are numerically analyzed using Qblade, yielding maximum Cp values of 0.450, 0.478, and 0.447 respectively. These values represent a respective improvement of 5.6%, 11%, and 5% compared to the base geometry, which had a Cp value of 0.425.https://jacm.scu.ac.ir/article_19439_82100d37cc57505ad02ba7960bd57d29.pdfhorizontal axis wind turbineqblade commercial codebem theorypolynomial response surfacekriging |
| spellingShingle | Farzad Ghafoorian Hui Wan Sahel Chegini A Systematic Analysis of a Small-Scale HAWT Configuration and Aerodynamic Performance Optimization Through Kriging, Factorial, and RSM Methods Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics horizontal axis wind turbine qblade commercial code bem theory polynomial response surface kriging |
| title | A Systematic Analysis of a Small-Scale HAWT Configuration and Aerodynamic Performance Optimization Through Kriging, Factorial, and RSM Methods |
| title_full | A Systematic Analysis of a Small-Scale HAWT Configuration and Aerodynamic Performance Optimization Through Kriging, Factorial, and RSM Methods |
| title_fullStr | A Systematic Analysis of a Small-Scale HAWT Configuration and Aerodynamic Performance Optimization Through Kriging, Factorial, and RSM Methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Systematic Analysis of a Small-Scale HAWT Configuration and Aerodynamic Performance Optimization Through Kriging, Factorial, and RSM Methods |
| title_short | A Systematic Analysis of a Small-Scale HAWT Configuration and Aerodynamic Performance Optimization Through Kriging, Factorial, and RSM Methods |
| title_sort | systematic analysis of a small scale hawt configuration and aerodynamic performance optimization through kriging factorial and rsm methods |
| topic | horizontal axis wind turbine qblade commercial code bem theory polynomial response surface kriging |
| url | https://jacm.scu.ac.ir/article_19439_82100d37cc57505ad02ba7960bd57d29.pdf |
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