Will Telework Reduce Travel? An Evaluation of Empirical Evidence with Meta-Analysis

Telework emerged in the 1970s with the advent of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as a potential substitute for commuting trips and an answer to avoid congestion. While early studies supported this substitution effect, subsequent research has presented contradictory findings, with so...

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Main Authors: Laísa Braga Kappler, Rui Colaço, Patrícia C. Melo, João de Abreu e Silva
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Urban Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2413-8851/9/6/199
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author Laísa Braga Kappler
Rui Colaço
Patrícia C. Melo
João de Abreu e Silva
author_facet Laísa Braga Kappler
Rui Colaço
Patrícia C. Melo
João de Abreu e Silva
author_sort Laísa Braga Kappler
collection DOAJ
description Telework emerged in the 1970s with the advent of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as a potential substitute for commuting trips and an answer to avoid congestion. While early studies supported this substitution effect, subsequent research has presented contradictory findings, with some studies demonstrating complementary effects and increased travel distances, while others show a reduction in travel or mixed results. These discrepancies may arise from methodological differences in study design, sampling, and modeling approaches. To analyze these factors, a systematic literature review complemented by three meta-analyses was developed. OLS and GLS-RE models were built to measure telework impacts on the number of trips (total and by purpose), commuting distance, and total distance traveled. Our research suggests that while telework reduces commuting and business trips, particularly for full-time teleworkers, it may increase commuting distances. Total distance traveled presents mixed results, heavily dependent on research design. By identifying these patterns, we outline methodological directions for future research, including improved sampling strategies, advanced modeling techniques, and rigorous control variable selection.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2413-8851
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publishDate 2025-06-01
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series Urban Science
spelling doaj-art-d472b52fca7446bd97046bfea8fe0c712025-08-20T03:26:56ZengMDPI AGUrban Science2413-88512025-06-019619910.3390/urbansci9060199Will Telework Reduce Travel? An Evaluation of Empirical Evidence with Meta-AnalysisLaísa Braga Kappler0Rui Colaço1Patrícia C. Melo2João de Abreu e Silva3CERIS, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, PortugalCERIS, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, PortugalREM/UECE & ISEG-Lisbon School of Economics and Management, University of Lisbon, Rua do Quelhas, 6, 1200-781 Lisbon, PortugalCERIS, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, PortugalTelework emerged in the 1970s with the advent of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as a potential substitute for commuting trips and an answer to avoid congestion. While early studies supported this substitution effect, subsequent research has presented contradictory findings, with some studies demonstrating complementary effects and increased travel distances, while others show a reduction in travel or mixed results. These discrepancies may arise from methodological differences in study design, sampling, and modeling approaches. To analyze these factors, a systematic literature review complemented by three meta-analyses was developed. OLS and GLS-RE models were built to measure telework impacts on the number of trips (total and by purpose), commuting distance, and total distance traveled. Our research suggests that while telework reduces commuting and business trips, particularly for full-time teleworkers, it may increase commuting distances. Total distance traveled presents mixed results, heavily dependent on research design. By identifying these patterns, we outline methodological directions for future research, including improved sampling strategies, advanced modeling techniques, and rigorous control variable selection.https://www.mdpi.com/2413-8851/9/6/199systematic literature reviewmeta-analysisteleworktravel behavior
spellingShingle Laísa Braga Kappler
Rui Colaço
Patrícia C. Melo
João de Abreu e Silva
Will Telework Reduce Travel? An Evaluation of Empirical Evidence with Meta-Analysis
Urban Science
systematic literature review
meta-analysis
telework
travel behavior
title Will Telework Reduce Travel? An Evaluation of Empirical Evidence with Meta-Analysis
title_full Will Telework Reduce Travel? An Evaluation of Empirical Evidence with Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Will Telework Reduce Travel? An Evaluation of Empirical Evidence with Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Will Telework Reduce Travel? An Evaluation of Empirical Evidence with Meta-Analysis
title_short Will Telework Reduce Travel? An Evaluation of Empirical Evidence with Meta-Analysis
title_sort will telework reduce travel an evaluation of empirical evidence with meta analysis
topic systematic literature review
meta-analysis
telework
travel behavior
url https://www.mdpi.com/2413-8851/9/6/199
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