Synovial Fluid Extracellular Vesicles from Patients with Severe Osteoarthritis Differentially Promote a Pro-Catabolic, Inflammatory Chondrocyte Phenotype

Synovial inflammation is recognised as a pathological driver of osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disease involving cartilage degradation and joint pain. Since extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key mediators of cellular cross-talk, this study characterised synovial fluid EVs (SFEV...

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Main Authors: Caitlin Ditchfield, Joshua Price, Edward T. Davis, Simon W. Jones
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Biomolecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/6/829
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author Caitlin Ditchfield
Joshua Price
Edward T. Davis
Simon W. Jones
author_facet Caitlin Ditchfield
Joshua Price
Edward T. Davis
Simon W. Jones
author_sort Caitlin Ditchfield
collection DOAJ
description Synovial inflammation is recognised as a pathological driver of osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disease involving cartilage degradation and joint pain. Since extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key mediators of cellular cross-talk, this study characterised synovial fluid EVs (SFEVs) in OA patients with varying disease severity and determined their functional effects on OA articular chondrocytes. Synovial fluid and articular cartilage were collected from patients undergoing knee surgery. SFEVs were isolated via ultracentrifugation and characterised by nanoparticle tracking analysis, ExoView, and Luminex analysis of protein cargo. Patients were stratified into mild/moderate- and severe-OA groups based on Oxford Knee Score and EQ5D. Chondrocytes were treated with SFEVs, and transcriptomic and secretome responses were analysed using RNA sequencing, Luminex, and ELISA. SFEVs from patients with severe OA were more abundant, smaller and exhibited increased tetraspanin expression. Synovial fluid and SFEVs induced distinct transcriptomic changes in chondrocytes. SFEVs from patients with severe OA promoted a pro-inflammatory and catabolic chondrocyte phenotype, with upregulation of <i>CRTAC1</i>, <i>COL6A3</i>, <i>TNC</i>, and <i>CXCL5</i>, greater secretion of IL-6, MMP1, MMP3 and MMP13, and pro-nociceptive mediators (NGF and Substance P). These findings suggest that SFEVs may contribute to OA progression by exacerbating cartilage damage and promoting pain sensitisation.
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spelling doaj-art-d454c9e98f18403ba3f20b0984d22eae2025-08-20T02:24:42ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2025-06-0115682910.3390/biom15060829Synovial Fluid Extracellular Vesicles from Patients with Severe Osteoarthritis Differentially Promote a Pro-Catabolic, Inflammatory Chondrocyte PhenotypeCaitlin Ditchfield0Joshua Price1Edward T. Davis2Simon W. Jones3Department of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKDepartment of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKThe Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham B31 2AP, UKDepartment of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKSynovial inflammation is recognised as a pathological driver of osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disease involving cartilage degradation and joint pain. Since extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key mediators of cellular cross-talk, this study characterised synovial fluid EVs (SFEVs) in OA patients with varying disease severity and determined their functional effects on OA articular chondrocytes. Synovial fluid and articular cartilage were collected from patients undergoing knee surgery. SFEVs were isolated via ultracentrifugation and characterised by nanoparticle tracking analysis, ExoView, and Luminex analysis of protein cargo. Patients were stratified into mild/moderate- and severe-OA groups based on Oxford Knee Score and EQ5D. Chondrocytes were treated with SFEVs, and transcriptomic and secretome responses were analysed using RNA sequencing, Luminex, and ELISA. SFEVs from patients with severe OA were more abundant, smaller and exhibited increased tetraspanin expression. Synovial fluid and SFEVs induced distinct transcriptomic changes in chondrocytes. SFEVs from patients with severe OA promoted a pro-inflammatory and catabolic chondrocyte phenotype, with upregulation of <i>CRTAC1</i>, <i>COL6A3</i>, <i>TNC</i>, and <i>CXCL5</i>, greater secretion of IL-6, MMP1, MMP3 and MMP13, and pro-nociceptive mediators (NGF and Substance P). These findings suggest that SFEVs may contribute to OA progression by exacerbating cartilage damage and promoting pain sensitisation.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/6/829osteoarthritisextracellular vesiclessynovial fluidarticular chondrocytessynovitis
spellingShingle Caitlin Ditchfield
Joshua Price
Edward T. Davis
Simon W. Jones
Synovial Fluid Extracellular Vesicles from Patients with Severe Osteoarthritis Differentially Promote a Pro-Catabolic, Inflammatory Chondrocyte Phenotype
Biomolecules
osteoarthritis
extracellular vesicles
synovial fluid
articular chondrocytes
synovitis
title Synovial Fluid Extracellular Vesicles from Patients with Severe Osteoarthritis Differentially Promote a Pro-Catabolic, Inflammatory Chondrocyte Phenotype
title_full Synovial Fluid Extracellular Vesicles from Patients with Severe Osteoarthritis Differentially Promote a Pro-Catabolic, Inflammatory Chondrocyte Phenotype
title_fullStr Synovial Fluid Extracellular Vesicles from Patients with Severe Osteoarthritis Differentially Promote a Pro-Catabolic, Inflammatory Chondrocyte Phenotype
title_full_unstemmed Synovial Fluid Extracellular Vesicles from Patients with Severe Osteoarthritis Differentially Promote a Pro-Catabolic, Inflammatory Chondrocyte Phenotype
title_short Synovial Fluid Extracellular Vesicles from Patients with Severe Osteoarthritis Differentially Promote a Pro-Catabolic, Inflammatory Chondrocyte Phenotype
title_sort synovial fluid extracellular vesicles from patients with severe osteoarthritis differentially promote a pro catabolic inflammatory chondrocyte phenotype
topic osteoarthritis
extracellular vesicles
synovial fluid
articular chondrocytes
synovitis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/6/829
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