A virtual reality system for delivery of military-specific vestibular rehabilitation after mild traumatic brain injury: the Praxis study protocol

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a prevalent issue among military service members, often resulting in persistent vestibular dysfunction that can impair operational performance. Vestibular, sensory, and cognitive deficits following mTBI hinder critical warrior tasks such as moving under fire and...

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Main Authors: Abdulmohsen M. Alroumi, Carrie W. Hoppes, Susan L. Whitney, Zhihao Li, Lisa Holt, Sridhar Ramakrishnan, Shannon L. Barnicott, Meghan T. Logeais, Holly Richard, Shane R. Salter, Jeffrey M. Tiede, Michael D. Wirt, Pedram Hovareshti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Neurology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1558795/full
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author Abdulmohsen M. Alroumi
Carrie W. Hoppes
Carrie W. Hoppes
Susan L. Whitney
Zhihao Li
Lisa Holt
Sridhar Ramakrishnan
Shannon L. Barnicott
Meghan T. Logeais
Holly Richard
Shane R. Salter
Jeffrey M. Tiede
Michael D. Wirt
Pedram Hovareshti
author_facet Abdulmohsen M. Alroumi
Carrie W. Hoppes
Carrie W. Hoppes
Susan L. Whitney
Zhihao Li
Lisa Holt
Sridhar Ramakrishnan
Shannon L. Barnicott
Meghan T. Logeais
Holly Richard
Shane R. Salter
Jeffrey M. Tiede
Michael D. Wirt
Pedram Hovareshti
author_sort Abdulmohsen M. Alroumi
collection DOAJ
description Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a prevalent issue among military service members, often resulting in persistent vestibular dysfunction that can impair operational performance. Vestibular, sensory, and cognitive deficits following mTBI hinder critical warrior tasks such as moving under fire and maintaining situational awareness. Despite advances in rehabilitation, there remains a need for interventions that replicate the complex demands of military environments. This study introduces Praxis, a novel virtual reality (VR) system designed to deliver multisensory vestibular rehabilitation to service members with persistent post-mTBI symptoms. Praxis integrates low-cost wearable sensors and VR environments to enhance gaze stability, balance, and cognitive-motor integration through military-relevant tasks. The primary goals of this pilot study are twofold: 1) to evaluate the feasibility of using the Praxis system to deliver VR, military-specific multisensory rehabilitation to a representative sample of 15 service members with vestibular-related complaints post-mTBI over a 4-week period, and 2) to evaluate objective measures, including advanced neuroimaging, to support return-to-duty (RTD) decisions by correlating functional performance improvements with neurophysiological changes. Patients will complete multisensory exercises using Praxis in conjunction with standard rehabilitation provided by the Special Operations Performance and Recovery (SPaR) Program at the Center for the Intrepid. A control group without vestibular-related complaints post-mTBI will receive the standard SPaR Program treatments. Outcome measures include Praxis scores, self-reported questionnaires, functional performance on military-specific tasks, self-reported symptom severity, and neurophysiological changes assessed through resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Usability will be evaluated using the System Usability Scale (SUS), with success defined by a SUS score of 68 or higher. Secondary objectives explore the correlation between performance improvements, neurophysiological changes, and rehabilitation compliance. By capturing objective data through wearable sensors and advanced neuroimaging, this study aims to bridge the gap between clinical assessments and real-world functional performance. The findings will inform future large-scale trials and provide critical insights into the role of VR and multisensory rehabilitation in post-mTBI recovery, supporting improved RTD decisions and enhancing warfighter readiness. This protocol contributes to the advancement of neurorehabilitation by integrating technology-driven solutions tailored for military populations.Clinical trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT06314464.
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spelling doaj-art-d452ed453b1e41e6bf439711c135bfcc2025-08-20T03:47:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952025-05-011610.3389/fneur.2025.15587951558795A virtual reality system for delivery of military-specific vestibular rehabilitation after mild traumatic brain injury: the Praxis study protocolAbdulmohsen M. Alroumi0Carrie W. Hoppes1Carrie W. Hoppes2Susan L. Whitney3Zhihao Li4Lisa Holt5Sridhar Ramakrishnan6Shannon L. Barnicott7Meghan T. Logeais8Holly Richard9Shane R. Salter10Jeffrey M. Tiede11Michael D. Wirt12Pedram Hovareshti13Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United StatesDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United StatesAdvanced Exposures, Diagnostics, Interventions, and Biosecurity (AEGIS) Program, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, TX, United StatesDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United StatesBlueHalo, Germantown, Maryland, MD, United StatesBlueHalo, Germantown, Maryland, MD, United StatesBlueHalo, Germantown, Maryland, MD, United StatesCenter for the Intrepid, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, United StatesCenter for the Intrepid, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, United StatesBlueHalo, Germantown, Maryland, MD, United StatesBlueHalo, Germantown, Maryland, MD, United StatesCenter for the Intrepid, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, United StatesDepartment of Radiology, Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, United StatesBlueHalo, Germantown, Maryland, MD, United StatesMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a prevalent issue among military service members, often resulting in persistent vestibular dysfunction that can impair operational performance. Vestibular, sensory, and cognitive deficits following mTBI hinder critical warrior tasks such as moving under fire and maintaining situational awareness. Despite advances in rehabilitation, there remains a need for interventions that replicate the complex demands of military environments. This study introduces Praxis, a novel virtual reality (VR) system designed to deliver multisensory vestibular rehabilitation to service members with persistent post-mTBI symptoms. Praxis integrates low-cost wearable sensors and VR environments to enhance gaze stability, balance, and cognitive-motor integration through military-relevant tasks. The primary goals of this pilot study are twofold: 1) to evaluate the feasibility of using the Praxis system to deliver VR, military-specific multisensory rehabilitation to a representative sample of 15 service members with vestibular-related complaints post-mTBI over a 4-week period, and 2) to evaluate objective measures, including advanced neuroimaging, to support return-to-duty (RTD) decisions by correlating functional performance improvements with neurophysiological changes. Patients will complete multisensory exercises using Praxis in conjunction with standard rehabilitation provided by the Special Operations Performance and Recovery (SPaR) Program at the Center for the Intrepid. A control group without vestibular-related complaints post-mTBI will receive the standard SPaR Program treatments. Outcome measures include Praxis scores, self-reported questionnaires, functional performance on military-specific tasks, self-reported symptom severity, and neurophysiological changes assessed through resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Usability will be evaluated using the System Usability Scale (SUS), with success defined by a SUS score of 68 or higher. Secondary objectives explore the correlation between performance improvements, neurophysiological changes, and rehabilitation compliance. By capturing objective data through wearable sensors and advanced neuroimaging, this study aims to bridge the gap between clinical assessments and real-world functional performance. The findings will inform future large-scale trials and provide critical insights into the role of VR and multisensory rehabilitation in post-mTBI recovery, supporting improved RTD decisions and enhancing warfighter readiness. This protocol contributes to the advancement of neurorehabilitation by integrating technology-driven solutions tailored for military populations.Clinical trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT06314464.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1558795/fullvestibular rehabilitationmild traumatic brain injuryvirtual realityneurorehabilitationmilitary medicinemultisensory integration
spellingShingle Abdulmohsen M. Alroumi
Carrie W. Hoppes
Carrie W. Hoppes
Susan L. Whitney
Zhihao Li
Lisa Holt
Sridhar Ramakrishnan
Shannon L. Barnicott
Meghan T. Logeais
Holly Richard
Shane R. Salter
Jeffrey M. Tiede
Michael D. Wirt
Pedram Hovareshti
A virtual reality system for delivery of military-specific vestibular rehabilitation after mild traumatic brain injury: the Praxis study protocol
Frontiers in Neurology
vestibular rehabilitation
mild traumatic brain injury
virtual reality
neurorehabilitation
military medicine
multisensory integration
title A virtual reality system for delivery of military-specific vestibular rehabilitation after mild traumatic brain injury: the Praxis study protocol
title_full A virtual reality system for delivery of military-specific vestibular rehabilitation after mild traumatic brain injury: the Praxis study protocol
title_fullStr A virtual reality system for delivery of military-specific vestibular rehabilitation after mild traumatic brain injury: the Praxis study protocol
title_full_unstemmed A virtual reality system for delivery of military-specific vestibular rehabilitation after mild traumatic brain injury: the Praxis study protocol
title_short A virtual reality system for delivery of military-specific vestibular rehabilitation after mild traumatic brain injury: the Praxis study protocol
title_sort virtual reality system for delivery of military specific vestibular rehabilitation after mild traumatic brain injury the praxis study protocol
topic vestibular rehabilitation
mild traumatic brain injury
virtual reality
neurorehabilitation
military medicine
multisensory integration
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1558795/full
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