Under the Sea: China’s Quest for Maritime History

This article examines how the Chinese political and academic discourses have constructed a narrative of China as a peaceful maritime power and the role that underwater archaeology has played in narrating China's rise. The ancient Chinese concept of tianxia (天下) is a central part of the Chinese...

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Main Author: Frederik Schmitz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/18681026241283070
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author Frederik Schmitz
author_facet Frederik Schmitz
author_sort Frederik Schmitz
collection DOAJ
description This article examines how the Chinese political and academic discourses have constructed a narrative of China as a peaceful maritime power and the role that underwater archaeology has played in narrating China's rise. The ancient Chinese concept of tianxia (天下) is a central part of the Chinese elites’ discourse on maritime policy. This concept, translated as “all under heaven,” forms part of China's effort to produce historical statecraft using textual sources and underwater archaeological artefacts. In this narrative, the historical figure of Zheng He became a prominent representative of China's peacefulness, refuting concerns regarding the purposes of a more assertive Chinese foreign policy. Studying tianxia under the sea thus contributes to forming a better understanding of the production of narratives respecting China's rise. In particular, underwater archaeology is highlighted as an authoritative source of evidence underpinning and reinforcing narratives of China as an ancient and peaceful maritime nation.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1868-1026
1868-4874
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
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record_format Article
series Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
spelling doaj-art-d44f6ac1aee047dc96b613cd4b442f112025-08-20T03:37:01ZengSAGE PublishingJournal of Current Chinese Affairs1868-10261868-48742025-08-015410.1177/18681026241283070 Under the Sea: China’s Quest for Maritime HistoryFrederik SchmitzThis article examines how the Chinese political and academic discourses have constructed a narrative of China as a peaceful maritime power and the role that underwater archaeology has played in narrating China's rise. The ancient Chinese concept of tianxia (天下) is a central part of the Chinese elites’ discourse on maritime policy. This concept, translated as “all under heaven,” forms part of China's effort to produce historical statecraft using textual sources and underwater archaeological artefacts. In this narrative, the historical figure of Zheng He became a prominent representative of China's peacefulness, refuting concerns regarding the purposes of a more assertive Chinese foreign policy. Studying tianxia under the sea thus contributes to forming a better understanding of the production of narratives respecting China's rise. In particular, underwater archaeology is highlighted as an authoritative source of evidence underpinning and reinforcing narratives of China as an ancient and peaceful maritime nation.https://doi.org/10.1177/18681026241283070
spellingShingle Frederik Schmitz
Under the Sea: China’s Quest for Maritime History
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
title Under the Sea: China’s Quest for Maritime History
title_full Under the Sea: China’s Quest for Maritime History
title_fullStr Under the Sea: China’s Quest for Maritime History
title_full_unstemmed Under the Sea: China’s Quest for Maritime History
title_short Under the Sea: China’s Quest for Maritime History
title_sort under the sea china s quest for maritime history
url https://doi.org/10.1177/18681026241283070
work_keys_str_mv AT frederikschmitz undertheseachinasquestformaritimehistory