Limb Lengthening after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Customized Patient-Specific Instrumentation Does Not Affect Expected Limb Lengthening

Introduction. Expectations for limb length differences after TKA are important for patient perception and outcomes. Limb length discrepancies may occur due to postoperative leg length increases, which can lead to decreased patient functionality and satisfaction and even possible litigation. The purp...

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Main Authors: Christopher Fang, Kenneth McAlpine, Michael Gustin, Ruijia Niu, David Freccero, Matthew Gordon, Eric L. Smith
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2021-01-01
Series:Advances in Orthopedics
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5573319
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author Christopher Fang
Kenneth McAlpine
Michael Gustin
Ruijia Niu
David Freccero
Matthew Gordon
Eric L. Smith
author_facet Christopher Fang
Kenneth McAlpine
Michael Gustin
Ruijia Niu
David Freccero
Matthew Gordon
Eric L. Smith
author_sort Christopher Fang
collection DOAJ
description Introduction. Expectations for limb length differences after TKA are important for patient perception and outcomes. Limb length discrepancies may occur due to postoperative leg length increases, which can lead to decreased patient functionality and satisfaction and even possible litigation. The purpose of this study is to examine the frequency and extent of limb lengthening among various preoperative deformities and between two different implant systems. Methods. Preoperative and postoperative full-length standing radiographs were obtained between August 2018 and August 2019 to measure mechanical axis and limb length of operative limbs. Demographic information such as age, sex, and BMI was also collected. Patients were grouped into categories for pre- and postoperative subgroup analysis: valgus, varus, customized implant, and conventional implant. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate significant relationships. Results. Of the 121 primary TKAs analyzed, 62% of the knees showed an increase in limb length after TKA, with an average lengthening of 5.32 mm. Preoperative varus alignment was associated with a mean lengthening of 3.14 mm, while preoperative valgus alignment was associated with a mean lengthening of 16.2 mm. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in limb lengths pre- and postoperatively (p = 0.23) and no significant changes in limb length for any subgroup. Further, no variables were associated with limb length changes (p = 0.49), including the use of customized implants (p = 0.2). Conclusions. Limb lengthening after TKA is common and, on average, occurs more significantly in valgus knees. No significant difference in limb lengthening could be demonstrated using customized over conventional implants. Preoperative counseling is important to manage patient expectations.
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spelling doaj-art-d448d8deda4d49bdb78cbcfbbedf67fa2025-08-20T02:19:45ZengWileyAdvances in Orthopedics2090-34642090-34722021-01-01202110.1155/2021/55733195573319Limb Lengthening after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Customized Patient-Specific Instrumentation Does Not Affect Expected Limb LengtheningChristopher Fang0Kenneth McAlpine1Michael Gustin2Ruijia Niu3David Freccero4Matthew Gordon5Eric L. Smith6Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New England Baptist Hospital, 125 Parker Hill Ave, Boston, MA 02120, USADepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Medical Center, One Boston Medical Center Pl, Boston, MA 02118, USADepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Medical Center, One Boston Medical Center Pl, Boston, MA 02118, USADepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Medical Center, One Boston Medical Center Pl, Boston, MA 02118, USADepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Medical Center, One Boston Medical Center Pl, Boston, MA 02118, USADepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USADepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, New England Baptist Hospital, 125 Parker Hill Ave, Boston, MA 02120, USAIntroduction. Expectations for limb length differences after TKA are important for patient perception and outcomes. Limb length discrepancies may occur due to postoperative leg length increases, which can lead to decreased patient functionality and satisfaction and even possible litigation. The purpose of this study is to examine the frequency and extent of limb lengthening among various preoperative deformities and between two different implant systems. Methods. Preoperative and postoperative full-length standing radiographs were obtained between August 2018 and August 2019 to measure mechanical axis and limb length of operative limbs. Demographic information such as age, sex, and BMI was also collected. Patients were grouped into categories for pre- and postoperative subgroup analysis: valgus, varus, customized implant, and conventional implant. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate significant relationships. Results. Of the 121 primary TKAs analyzed, 62% of the knees showed an increase in limb length after TKA, with an average lengthening of 5.32 mm. Preoperative varus alignment was associated with a mean lengthening of 3.14 mm, while preoperative valgus alignment was associated with a mean lengthening of 16.2 mm. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in limb lengths pre- and postoperatively (p = 0.23) and no significant changes in limb length for any subgroup. Further, no variables were associated with limb length changes (p = 0.49), including the use of customized implants (p = 0.2). Conclusions. Limb lengthening after TKA is common and, on average, occurs more significantly in valgus knees. No significant difference in limb lengthening could be demonstrated using customized over conventional implants. Preoperative counseling is important to manage patient expectations.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5573319
spellingShingle Christopher Fang
Kenneth McAlpine
Michael Gustin
Ruijia Niu
David Freccero
Matthew Gordon
Eric L. Smith
Limb Lengthening after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Customized Patient-Specific Instrumentation Does Not Affect Expected Limb Lengthening
Advances in Orthopedics
title Limb Lengthening after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Customized Patient-Specific Instrumentation Does Not Affect Expected Limb Lengthening
title_full Limb Lengthening after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Customized Patient-Specific Instrumentation Does Not Affect Expected Limb Lengthening
title_fullStr Limb Lengthening after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Customized Patient-Specific Instrumentation Does Not Affect Expected Limb Lengthening
title_full_unstemmed Limb Lengthening after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Customized Patient-Specific Instrumentation Does Not Affect Expected Limb Lengthening
title_short Limb Lengthening after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Customized Patient-Specific Instrumentation Does Not Affect Expected Limb Lengthening
title_sort limb lengthening after primary total knee arthroplasty customized patient specific instrumentation does not affect expected limb lengthening
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5573319
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