Advanced screen-printed electrode functionalized ZnO/CNTs for the electrochemical analysis of opioid drug pethidine co administered with paracetamol: application in dosage form and human plasma sample

Abstract Synthetic opioids such as pethidine (PTD) have a high potential for addiction but are widely used in clinical settings to manage pain before and after surgical procedures. Combinations of pethidine (PTD) with paracetamol (PCM) are frequently prescribed for the treatment of severe and chroni...

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Main Authors: Shimaa A. Atty, Ahmed M. Abdelzaher, Sona Barghash, Mona A. Abdel Rahman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Chemistry
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01599-8
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author Shimaa A. Atty
Ahmed M. Abdelzaher
Sona Barghash
Mona A. Abdel Rahman
author_facet Shimaa A. Atty
Ahmed M. Abdelzaher
Sona Barghash
Mona A. Abdel Rahman
author_sort Shimaa A. Atty
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Synthetic opioids such as pethidine (PTD) have a high potential for addiction but are widely used in clinical settings to manage pain before and after surgical procedures. Combinations of pethidine (PTD) with paracetamol (PCM) are frequently prescribed for the treatment of severe and chronic pain. In this study, an eco-friendly voltammetric sensor based on a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with zinc oxide nanoparticles functionalized with carbon nanotubes (ZnO/CNTs) was developed and employed. For the first time, the proposed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of pethidine in pharmaceutical formulations, demonstrating excellent recovery. Furthermore, it enabled the simultaneous detection of pethidine and paracetamol in biological samples, with low detection limits of 980 pmol L⁻1 and 977 pmol L⁻1 for PTD and PCM, respectively. The sensor offers a promising tool for point of care diagnostics and routine analysis due to its sensitivity, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness.
format Article
id doaj-art-d4458eebbaf746b0a86541f53db302ac
institution Kabale University
issn 2661-801X
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Chemistry
spelling doaj-art-d4458eebbaf746b0a86541f53db302ac2025-08-20T03:42:29ZengBMCBMC Chemistry2661-801X2025-08-0119111410.1186/s13065-025-01599-8Advanced screen-printed electrode functionalized ZnO/CNTs for the electrochemical analysis of opioid drug pethidine co administered with paracetamol: application in dosage form and human plasma sampleShimaa A. Atty0Ahmed M. Abdelzaher1Sona Barghash2Mona A. Abdel Rahman3Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Egyptian Drug AuthorityDepartment of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar UniversityAnalytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 UniversityAbstract Synthetic opioids such as pethidine (PTD) have a high potential for addiction but are widely used in clinical settings to manage pain before and after surgical procedures. Combinations of pethidine (PTD) with paracetamol (PCM) are frequently prescribed for the treatment of severe and chronic pain. In this study, an eco-friendly voltammetric sensor based on a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with zinc oxide nanoparticles functionalized with carbon nanotubes (ZnO/CNTs) was developed and employed. For the first time, the proposed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of pethidine in pharmaceutical formulations, demonstrating excellent recovery. Furthermore, it enabled the simultaneous detection of pethidine and paracetamol in biological samples, with low detection limits of 980 pmol L⁻1 and 977 pmol L⁻1 for PTD and PCM, respectively. The sensor offers a promising tool for point of care diagnostics and routine analysis due to its sensitivity, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01599-8Screen printed electrodeZnOMulti-walled carbon nanotubePethidineParacetamolPlasma
spellingShingle Shimaa A. Atty
Ahmed M. Abdelzaher
Sona Barghash
Mona A. Abdel Rahman
Advanced screen-printed electrode functionalized ZnO/CNTs for the electrochemical analysis of opioid drug pethidine co administered with paracetamol: application in dosage form and human plasma sample
BMC Chemistry
Screen printed electrode
ZnO
Multi-walled carbon nanotube
Pethidine
Paracetamol
Plasma
title Advanced screen-printed electrode functionalized ZnO/CNTs for the electrochemical analysis of opioid drug pethidine co administered with paracetamol: application in dosage form and human plasma sample
title_full Advanced screen-printed electrode functionalized ZnO/CNTs for the electrochemical analysis of opioid drug pethidine co administered with paracetamol: application in dosage form and human plasma sample
title_fullStr Advanced screen-printed electrode functionalized ZnO/CNTs for the electrochemical analysis of opioid drug pethidine co administered with paracetamol: application in dosage form and human plasma sample
title_full_unstemmed Advanced screen-printed electrode functionalized ZnO/CNTs for the electrochemical analysis of opioid drug pethidine co administered with paracetamol: application in dosage form and human plasma sample
title_short Advanced screen-printed electrode functionalized ZnO/CNTs for the electrochemical analysis of opioid drug pethidine co administered with paracetamol: application in dosage form and human plasma sample
title_sort advanced screen printed electrode functionalized zno cnts for the electrochemical analysis of opioid drug pethidine co administered with paracetamol application in dosage form and human plasma sample
topic Screen printed electrode
ZnO
Multi-walled carbon nanotube
Pethidine
Paracetamol
Plasma
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01599-8
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AT ahmedmabdelzaher advancedscreenprintedelectrodefunctionalizedznocntsfortheelectrochemicalanalysisofopioiddrugpethidinecoadministeredwithparacetamolapplicationindosageformandhumanplasmasample
AT sonabarghash advancedscreenprintedelectrodefunctionalizedznocntsfortheelectrochemicalanalysisofopioiddrugpethidinecoadministeredwithparacetamolapplicationindosageformandhumanplasmasample
AT monaaabdelrahman advancedscreenprintedelectrodefunctionalizedznocntsfortheelectrochemicalanalysisofopioiddrugpethidinecoadministeredwithparacetamolapplicationindosageformandhumanplasmasample