Medicinal Cannabis and the Intestinal Microbiome
Historically, the multiple uses of cannabis as a medicine, food, and for recreational purposes as a psychoactive drug span several centuries. The various components of the plant (i.e., seeds, roots, leaves and flowers) have been utilized to alleviate symptoms of inflammation and pain (e.g., osteoart...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/12/1702 |
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| author | Luis Vitetta Tamara Nation Debbie Oldfield Michael Thomsen |
| author_facet | Luis Vitetta Tamara Nation Debbie Oldfield Michael Thomsen |
| author_sort | Luis Vitetta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Historically, the multiple uses of cannabis as a medicine, food, and for recreational purposes as a psychoactive drug span several centuries. The various components of the plant (i.e., seeds, roots, leaves and flowers) have been utilized to alleviate symptoms of inflammation and pain (e.g., osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis), mood disorders such as anxiety, and intestinal problems such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. It has been established that the intestinal microbiota progresses neurological, endocrine, and immunological network effects through the gut–microbiota–brain axis, serving as a bilateral communication pathway between the central and enteric nervous systems. An expanding body of clinical evidence emphasizes that the endocannabinoid system has a fundamental connection in regulating immune responses. This is exemplified by its pivotal role in intestinal metabolic and immunity equilibrium and intestinal barrier integrity. This neuromodulator system responds to internal and external environmental signals while also serving as a homeostatic effector system, participating in a reciprocal association with the intestinal microbiota. We advance an exogenous cannabinoid–intestinal microbiota–endocannabinoid system axis potentiated by the intestinal microbiome and medicinal cannabinoids supporting the mechanism of action of the endocannabinoid system. An integrative medicine model of patient care is advanced that may provide patients with beneficial health outcomes when prescribed medicinal cannabis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d43e65a92fdf474cb71b0cf363eb3c49 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj-art-d43e65a92fdf474cb71b0cf363eb3c492025-08-20T02:50:43ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472024-12-011712170210.3390/ph17121702Medicinal Cannabis and the Intestinal MicrobiomeLuis Vitetta0Tamara Nation1Debbie Oldfield2Michael Thomsen3Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, AustraliaNational Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne 3122, AustraliaNational Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne 3122, AustraliaFaculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, AustraliaHistorically, the multiple uses of cannabis as a medicine, food, and for recreational purposes as a psychoactive drug span several centuries. The various components of the plant (i.e., seeds, roots, leaves and flowers) have been utilized to alleviate symptoms of inflammation and pain (e.g., osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis), mood disorders such as anxiety, and intestinal problems such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. It has been established that the intestinal microbiota progresses neurological, endocrine, and immunological network effects through the gut–microbiota–brain axis, serving as a bilateral communication pathway between the central and enteric nervous systems. An expanding body of clinical evidence emphasizes that the endocannabinoid system has a fundamental connection in regulating immune responses. This is exemplified by its pivotal role in intestinal metabolic and immunity equilibrium and intestinal barrier integrity. This neuromodulator system responds to internal and external environmental signals while also serving as a homeostatic effector system, participating in a reciprocal association with the intestinal microbiota. We advance an exogenous cannabinoid–intestinal microbiota–endocannabinoid system axis potentiated by the intestinal microbiome and medicinal cannabinoids supporting the mechanism of action of the endocannabinoid system. An integrative medicine model of patient care is advanced that may provide patients with beneficial health outcomes when prescribed medicinal cannabis.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/12/1702medicinal cannabisexogenous cannabinoidsintestinal microbiotaendocannabinoid systemendogenous endocannabinoids |
| spellingShingle | Luis Vitetta Tamara Nation Debbie Oldfield Michael Thomsen Medicinal Cannabis and the Intestinal Microbiome Pharmaceuticals medicinal cannabis exogenous cannabinoids intestinal microbiota endocannabinoid system endogenous endocannabinoids |
| title | Medicinal Cannabis and the Intestinal Microbiome |
| title_full | Medicinal Cannabis and the Intestinal Microbiome |
| title_fullStr | Medicinal Cannabis and the Intestinal Microbiome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Medicinal Cannabis and the Intestinal Microbiome |
| title_short | Medicinal Cannabis and the Intestinal Microbiome |
| title_sort | medicinal cannabis and the intestinal microbiome |
| topic | medicinal cannabis exogenous cannabinoids intestinal microbiota endocannabinoid system endogenous endocannabinoids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/12/1702 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT luisvitetta medicinalcannabisandtheintestinalmicrobiome AT tamaranation medicinalcannabisandtheintestinalmicrobiome AT debbieoldfield medicinalcannabisandtheintestinalmicrobiome AT michaelthomsen medicinalcannabisandtheintestinalmicrobiome |