Effect of Bacillus velezensis on the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community and yield of soybean

Abstract The beneficial effects of Bacillus on crop growth have been confirmed in various contexts. However, the impact of exogenous Bacillus application on the rhizosphere microbial community throughout the entire growth cycle of soybean remains unclear. This study investigated the soybean cultivar...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Dongxue Lv, Lei Zhang, Yuanhang Guo, Fengnian Zhao, Zhenxi Cao, Shiva Kumar Jha, Djifa Fidele Kpalari, Xingpeng Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-07048-x
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849333461178908672
author Dongxue Lv
Lei Zhang
Yuanhang Guo
Fengnian Zhao
Zhenxi Cao
Shiva Kumar Jha
Djifa Fidele Kpalari
Xingpeng Wang
author_facet Dongxue Lv
Lei Zhang
Yuanhang Guo
Fengnian Zhao
Zhenxi Cao
Shiva Kumar Jha
Djifa Fidele Kpalari
Xingpeng Wang
author_sort Dongxue Lv
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The beneficial effects of Bacillus on crop growth have been confirmed in various contexts. However, the impact of exogenous Bacillus application on the rhizosphere microbial community throughout the entire growth cycle of soybean remains unclear. This study investigated the soybean cultivar ‘Qihuang 34’ under three gradient treatments: Control, no Bacillus application, 0 kg/ha(CK), low Bacillus application, 15 kg/ha(BL), and high Bacillus application, 30 kg/ha(BH), analyzing the dynamic changes in rhizosphere soil microbial community structure and their effects on yield across different growth stages (vegetative(V2), flowering(R2), fruiting(R4) and pod-filling(R6)). The results showed that bacterial α-diversity indices were generally higher at the vegetative stage than at flowering, pod-setting, and seed-filling stages, with inconsistent variation patterns across growth periods. The relative abundance of dominant bacterial phyla and genera varied over time. In the BL treatment, the relative abundances of Rhizobiaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae significantly increased at the R4 and R6 stages (p < 0.05). In the BH treatment, the relative abundance of Fusarium decreased by 16.16% (R4) and 65.21% (R6) compared to CK. Correlation analysis between soil physicochemical properties and microbial phylum-level composition revealed that total nitrogen (TN) and total sulfur (TS) were the primary drivers of rhizosphere bacterial communities, while TS played a key role in shaping fungal communities. Additionally, the BH treatment significantly increased soybean yield by 4.50–13.84% (p < 0.05). This study provides foundational insights into how Bacillus influences the composition and diversity of soybean rhizosphere microbial communities, supporting the development of sustainable agricultural practices through rhizosphere microbiome management.
format Article
id doaj-art-d43105adfa0e4c9bbbd26225fe5c2833
institution Kabale University
issn 1471-2229
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Plant Biology
spelling doaj-art-d43105adfa0e4c9bbbd26225fe5c28332025-08-20T03:45:51ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-08-0125111610.1186/s12870-025-07048-xEffect of Bacillus velezensis on the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community and yield of soybeanDongxue Lv0Lei Zhang1Yuanhang Guo2Fengnian Zhao3Zhenxi Cao4Shiva Kumar Jha5Djifa Fidele Kpalari6Xingpeng Wang7College of Water Hydraulic and Architectural Engineering, Tarim UniversityCollege of Water Hydraulic and Architectural Engineering, Tarim UniversityCollege of Water Hydraulic and Architectural Engineering, Tarim UniversityCollege of Water Hydraulic and Architectural Engineering, Tarim UniversityCollege of Water Hydraulic and Architectural Engineering, Tarim UniversityNepal Agricultural Research Council, National Agricultural Engineering Research CentreKey Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Farmland Irrigation of CAASCollege of Water Hydraulic and Architectural Engineering, Tarim UniversityAbstract The beneficial effects of Bacillus on crop growth have been confirmed in various contexts. However, the impact of exogenous Bacillus application on the rhizosphere microbial community throughout the entire growth cycle of soybean remains unclear. This study investigated the soybean cultivar ‘Qihuang 34’ under three gradient treatments: Control, no Bacillus application, 0 kg/ha(CK), low Bacillus application, 15 kg/ha(BL), and high Bacillus application, 30 kg/ha(BH), analyzing the dynamic changes in rhizosphere soil microbial community structure and their effects on yield across different growth stages (vegetative(V2), flowering(R2), fruiting(R4) and pod-filling(R6)). The results showed that bacterial α-diversity indices were generally higher at the vegetative stage than at flowering, pod-setting, and seed-filling stages, with inconsistent variation patterns across growth periods. The relative abundance of dominant bacterial phyla and genera varied over time. In the BL treatment, the relative abundances of Rhizobiaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae significantly increased at the R4 and R6 stages (p < 0.05). In the BH treatment, the relative abundance of Fusarium decreased by 16.16% (R4) and 65.21% (R6) compared to CK. Correlation analysis between soil physicochemical properties and microbial phylum-level composition revealed that total nitrogen (TN) and total sulfur (TS) were the primary drivers of rhizosphere bacterial communities, while TS played a key role in shaping fungal communities. Additionally, the BH treatment significantly increased soybean yield by 4.50–13.84% (p < 0.05). This study provides foundational insights into how Bacillus influences the composition and diversity of soybean rhizosphere microbial communities, supporting the development of sustainable agricultural practices through rhizosphere microbiome management.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-07048-xSoybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.)Rhizosphere microorganismsCommunity structureBacillus amendmentDiversity
spellingShingle Dongxue Lv
Lei Zhang
Yuanhang Guo
Fengnian Zhao
Zhenxi Cao
Shiva Kumar Jha
Djifa Fidele Kpalari
Xingpeng Wang
Effect of Bacillus velezensis on the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community and yield of soybean
BMC Plant Biology
Soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.)
Rhizosphere microorganisms
Community structure
Bacillus amendment
Diversity
title Effect of Bacillus velezensis on the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community and yield of soybean
title_full Effect of Bacillus velezensis on the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community and yield of soybean
title_fullStr Effect of Bacillus velezensis on the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community and yield of soybean
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Bacillus velezensis on the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community and yield of soybean
title_short Effect of Bacillus velezensis on the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community and yield of soybean
title_sort effect of bacillus velezensis on the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community and yield of soybean
topic Soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.)
Rhizosphere microorganisms
Community structure
Bacillus amendment
Diversity
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-07048-x
work_keys_str_mv AT dongxuelv effectofbacillusvelezensisonthestructureoftherhizospheremicrobialcommunityandyieldofsoybean
AT leizhang effectofbacillusvelezensisonthestructureoftherhizospheremicrobialcommunityandyieldofsoybean
AT yuanhangguo effectofbacillusvelezensisonthestructureoftherhizospheremicrobialcommunityandyieldofsoybean
AT fengnianzhao effectofbacillusvelezensisonthestructureoftherhizospheremicrobialcommunityandyieldofsoybean
AT zhenxicao effectofbacillusvelezensisonthestructureoftherhizospheremicrobialcommunityandyieldofsoybean
AT shivakumarjha effectofbacillusvelezensisonthestructureoftherhizospheremicrobialcommunityandyieldofsoybean
AT djifafidelekpalari effectofbacillusvelezensisonthestructureoftherhizospheremicrobialcommunityandyieldofsoybean
AT xingpengwang effectofbacillusvelezensisonthestructureoftherhizospheremicrobialcommunityandyieldofsoybean