Keratin-72 restricts HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T cells by sequestering capsids in intermediate filaments

Abstract The accessory protein Vpx from the red-capped mangabey or mandrill SIV (SIVrcm/mnd-2) lineage has been reported to increase HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T cells without affecting SAMHD1, a known target of Vpx in HIV-1 infection. This indicates that Vpx, in addition to SAMHD1, circumvents...

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Main Authors: Yang He, Meng Xu, Jiayue Ouyang, Li Zhao, Tiankui Ma, Xiaowei Zhang, Ruolin Wang, Hong Shang, Guoxin Liang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58218-2
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author Yang He
Meng Xu
Jiayue Ouyang
Li Zhao
Tiankui Ma
Xiaowei Zhang
Ruolin Wang
Hong Shang
Guoxin Liang
author_facet Yang He
Meng Xu
Jiayue Ouyang
Li Zhao
Tiankui Ma
Xiaowei Zhang
Ruolin Wang
Hong Shang
Guoxin Liang
author_sort Yang He
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The accessory protein Vpx from the red-capped mangabey or mandrill SIV (SIVrcm/mnd-2) lineage has been reported to increase HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T cells without affecting SAMHD1, a known target of Vpx in HIV-1 infection. This indicates that Vpx, in addition to SAMHD1, circumvents other restriction factors for lentiviruses. To identify potential restriction factors, this study examined cellular proteins interacting with Vpxrcm and found that keratin-72 (KRT72), an intermediate filament (IF) protein expressed in resting CD4+ T cells, is a host antiviral factor targeted by Vpx. Vpxrcm/mnd-2 lineages could strongly promote KRT72 degradation, resulting in increased HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T cells. We discovered that KRT72 restricts HIV-1 replication by sequestering incoming HIV-1 capsids in cytoplasmic IFs. With KRT72, the capsid cores of HIV-1 become attached to IFs, and their trafficking toward the nucleus is inhibited. In contrast, without KRT72, HIV-1 capsids are transported to the nucleus, leading to high levels of integrated HIV-1 DNA. Thus, KRT72 is a Vpx-counteracted antiviral factor that binds the incoming capsids to cytoplasmic IFs, restricting HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T cells.
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spelling doaj-art-d4113de23cc64eaebf69ef275dfa82ef2025-08-20T02:10:13ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-03-0116111910.1038/s41467-025-58218-2Keratin-72 restricts HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T cells by sequestering capsids in intermediate filamentsYang He0Meng Xu1Jiayue Ouyang2Li Zhao3Tiankui Ma4Xiaowei Zhang5Ruolin Wang6Hong Shang7Guoxin Liang8Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical UniversityCenter for Cell and Gene Therapy, The First Hospital of China Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical UniversityAbstract The accessory protein Vpx from the red-capped mangabey or mandrill SIV (SIVrcm/mnd-2) lineage has been reported to increase HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T cells without affecting SAMHD1, a known target of Vpx in HIV-1 infection. This indicates that Vpx, in addition to SAMHD1, circumvents other restriction factors for lentiviruses. To identify potential restriction factors, this study examined cellular proteins interacting with Vpxrcm and found that keratin-72 (KRT72), an intermediate filament (IF) protein expressed in resting CD4+ T cells, is a host antiviral factor targeted by Vpx. Vpxrcm/mnd-2 lineages could strongly promote KRT72 degradation, resulting in increased HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T cells. We discovered that KRT72 restricts HIV-1 replication by sequestering incoming HIV-1 capsids in cytoplasmic IFs. With KRT72, the capsid cores of HIV-1 become attached to IFs, and their trafficking toward the nucleus is inhibited. In contrast, without KRT72, HIV-1 capsids are transported to the nucleus, leading to high levels of integrated HIV-1 DNA. Thus, KRT72 is a Vpx-counteracted antiviral factor that binds the incoming capsids to cytoplasmic IFs, restricting HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T cells.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58218-2
spellingShingle Yang He
Meng Xu
Jiayue Ouyang
Li Zhao
Tiankui Ma
Xiaowei Zhang
Ruolin Wang
Hong Shang
Guoxin Liang
Keratin-72 restricts HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T cells by sequestering capsids in intermediate filaments
Nature Communications
title Keratin-72 restricts HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T cells by sequestering capsids in intermediate filaments
title_full Keratin-72 restricts HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T cells by sequestering capsids in intermediate filaments
title_fullStr Keratin-72 restricts HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T cells by sequestering capsids in intermediate filaments
title_full_unstemmed Keratin-72 restricts HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T cells by sequestering capsids in intermediate filaments
title_short Keratin-72 restricts HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T cells by sequestering capsids in intermediate filaments
title_sort keratin 72 restricts hiv 1 infection in resting cd4 t cells by sequestering capsids in intermediate filaments
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58218-2
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