Development of the nursing practice scale to enhance resilience in family caregivers and evaluation of its reliability and validity
Abstract Background Home-visiting nurses play a pivotal role in helping family caregivers adapt to home-based care. Resilience, an essential factor in helping family caregivers reduce stress and adapt to home care, is important for improving their well-being and caregiving effectiveness. A tool to i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Nursing |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03314-3 |
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| author | Ruxin Lei Kazuaki Tanabe Chie Teramoto Hiroyuki Sawatari Mikako Yoshihara Hisae Nakatani |
| author_facet | Ruxin Lei Kazuaki Tanabe Chie Teramoto Hiroyuki Sawatari Mikako Yoshihara Hisae Nakatani |
| author_sort | Ruxin Lei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Home-visiting nurses play a pivotal role in helping family caregivers adapt to home-based care. Resilience, an essential factor in helping family caregivers reduce stress and adapt to home care, is important for improving their well-being and caregiving effectiveness. A tool to identify gaps in nurses’ ability to support caregivers in enhancing resilience is essential. Currently, validated scales to assess the practice of nurses in enhancing resilience among family caregivers are in limited availability. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically validate a scale assessing nurses’ ability to enhance family caregivers’ resilience. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 504 nurses who were randomly assigned to two groups: 252 for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and 252 for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Ceiling and floor effects and item-total correlations were examined and good-poor analysis were conducted to evaluate the scale reliability. EFA and CFA were conducted to explore the factor structure and to validate the model, respectively. The composite reliability, average variance extracted, and Cronbach’s α for each factor were calculated to confirm the factor structure and assess the validity of the model. Results A 14-item scale with three factors was identified to assess nurses’ practice ability to enhance family caregivers’ resilience. These factors are “support for fostering family caregivers’ self-affirmation,” “support for negative emotions within the family,” and “confirmation of family demands.” The overall Cronbach’s α was 0.847. The model fit indices were χ2/df = 2.456, comparative fit index = 0.907, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.885, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.076 (p < 0.001). Conclusions We developed a scale with 14 items across three factors to assess nurses’ practices in enhancing family caregivers’ resilience and confirmed its reliability and validity. The validated scale can be a cornerstone framework for home-visiting nurses to improve the well-being of family caregivers by enhancing their resilience. Clinical trial number Not applicable. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d405c285308c4c138b6fec0677571d33 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1472-6955 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Nursing |
| spelling | doaj-art-d405c285308c4c138b6fec0677571d332025-08-20T03:03:36ZengBMCBMC Nursing1472-69552025-07-0124111110.1186/s12912-025-03314-3Development of the nursing practice scale to enhance resilience in family caregivers and evaluation of its reliability and validityRuxin Lei0Kazuaki Tanabe1Chie Teramoto2Hiroyuki Sawatari3Mikako Yoshihara4Hisae Nakatani5Department of Perioperative and Critical Care Management, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityDepartment of Perioperative and Critical Care Management, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityDepartment of Perioperative and Critical Care Management, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityDepartment of Perioperative and Critical Care Management, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityDepartment of Perioperative and Critical Care Management, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityDepartment of Perioperative and Critical Care Management, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityAbstract Background Home-visiting nurses play a pivotal role in helping family caregivers adapt to home-based care. Resilience, an essential factor in helping family caregivers reduce stress and adapt to home care, is important for improving their well-being and caregiving effectiveness. A tool to identify gaps in nurses’ ability to support caregivers in enhancing resilience is essential. Currently, validated scales to assess the practice of nurses in enhancing resilience among family caregivers are in limited availability. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically validate a scale assessing nurses’ ability to enhance family caregivers’ resilience. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 504 nurses who were randomly assigned to two groups: 252 for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and 252 for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Ceiling and floor effects and item-total correlations were examined and good-poor analysis were conducted to evaluate the scale reliability. EFA and CFA were conducted to explore the factor structure and to validate the model, respectively. The composite reliability, average variance extracted, and Cronbach’s α for each factor were calculated to confirm the factor structure and assess the validity of the model. Results A 14-item scale with three factors was identified to assess nurses’ practice ability to enhance family caregivers’ resilience. These factors are “support for fostering family caregivers’ self-affirmation,” “support for negative emotions within the family,” and “confirmation of family demands.” The overall Cronbach’s α was 0.847. The model fit indices were χ2/df = 2.456, comparative fit index = 0.907, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.885, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.076 (p < 0.001). Conclusions We developed a scale with 14 items across three factors to assess nurses’ practices in enhancing family caregivers’ resilience and confirmed its reliability and validity. The validated scale can be a cornerstone framework for home-visiting nurses to improve the well-being of family caregivers by enhancing their resilience. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03314-3Home-visiting nurseResilienceFamily caregiver |
| spellingShingle | Ruxin Lei Kazuaki Tanabe Chie Teramoto Hiroyuki Sawatari Mikako Yoshihara Hisae Nakatani Development of the nursing practice scale to enhance resilience in family caregivers and evaluation of its reliability and validity BMC Nursing Home-visiting nurse Resilience Family caregiver |
| title | Development of the nursing practice scale to enhance resilience in family caregivers and evaluation of its reliability and validity |
| title_full | Development of the nursing practice scale to enhance resilience in family caregivers and evaluation of its reliability and validity |
| title_fullStr | Development of the nursing practice scale to enhance resilience in family caregivers and evaluation of its reliability and validity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of the nursing practice scale to enhance resilience in family caregivers and evaluation of its reliability and validity |
| title_short | Development of the nursing practice scale to enhance resilience in family caregivers and evaluation of its reliability and validity |
| title_sort | development of the nursing practice scale to enhance resilience in family caregivers and evaluation of its reliability and validity |
| topic | Home-visiting nurse Resilience Family caregiver |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03314-3 |
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