Corrosion Resistance Behavior of Mg-Zn-Ce/MWCNT Magnesium Nanocomposites Synthesized by Ultrasonication-Assisted Hybrid Stir–Squeeze Casting for Sacrificial Anode Applications
The influence of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforcements on electrochemical corrosion investigations at varying NaCl concentrations (0.4 M, 0.6 M, 0.8 M, 1 M) of Mg-Zn-Ce nanocomposites is studied in this work. The Mg-Zn-Ce/MWCNT nanocomposites were developed by using an ultrasonication-ass...
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2025-06-01
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| author | S. C. Amith Poovazhagan Lakshmanan Gnanavelbabu Annamalai Manoj Gupta Arunkumar Thirugnanasambandam |
| author_facet | S. C. Amith Poovazhagan Lakshmanan Gnanavelbabu Annamalai Manoj Gupta Arunkumar Thirugnanasambandam |
| author_sort | S. C. Amith |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The influence of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforcements on electrochemical corrosion investigations at varying NaCl concentrations (0.4 M, 0.6 M, 0.8 M, 1 M) of Mg-Zn-Ce nanocomposites is studied in this work. The Mg-Zn-Ce/MWCNT nanocomposites were developed by using an ultrasonication-assisted hybrid stir–squeeze (UHSS) casting method with different MWCNT concentrations (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 wt.%) in a Mg-Zn-Ce magnesium alloy matrix. The microstructural characterizations shown using X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of secondary phases (MgZn<sub>2</sub>, Mg<sub>12</sub>Ce), T-phase (Mg<sub>7</sub>Zn<sub>3</sub>RE), α-Mg, and MWCNT peaks. Optical microscopy results showed grain refinement in the case of nanocomposites. Transmission electron microscope studies revealed well-dispersed MWCNT, indicating the good selection of processing parameters. The uniform dispersion of MWCNTs was achieved due to a hybrid stirring mechanism along with transient cavitation, ultrasonic streaming, and squeeze effect. The higher E<sub>corr</sub> value of −1.39 V, lower I<sub>corr</sub> value (5.81 µA/cm<sup>2</sup>), and lower corrosion rate of 0.1 mm/Yr (↑77%) were obtained by 0.8% nanocomposite at 0.4 M NaCl concentration, when compared to the monolithic alloy. The Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> passive film formation on 0.8 wt.% nanocomposite was denser, attributed to the refined grains. At higher NaCl concentration, the one-dimensional morphological advantage of MWCNT helped to act as a barrier for further Mg exposure to excessive Cl<sup>−</sup> attack, which reduced the formation of MgCl<sub>2</sub>. Therefore, the UHSS-casted Mg-Zn-Ce/MWCNT nanocomposites present a good potential as sacrificial anodes for use in a wide range of industrial applications. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
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| spelling | doaj-art-d3f7394a2e0248068f413129256439ed2025-08-20T03:16:34ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-06-0115667310.3390/met15060673Corrosion Resistance Behavior of Mg-Zn-Ce/MWCNT Magnesium Nanocomposites Synthesized by Ultrasonication-Assisted Hybrid Stir–Squeeze Casting for Sacrificial Anode ApplicationsS. C. Amith0Poovazhagan Lakshmanan1Gnanavelbabu Annamalai2Manoj Gupta3Arunkumar Thirugnanasambandam4Centre for Sustainable Materials and Surface Metamorphosis, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai 600069, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai 603110, IndiaDepartment of Industrial Engineering, CEG Campus, Anna University, Chennai 600025, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, SingaporeCentre for Sustainable Materials and Surface Metamorphosis, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai 600069, IndiaThe influence of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforcements on electrochemical corrosion investigations at varying NaCl concentrations (0.4 M, 0.6 M, 0.8 M, 1 M) of Mg-Zn-Ce nanocomposites is studied in this work. The Mg-Zn-Ce/MWCNT nanocomposites were developed by using an ultrasonication-assisted hybrid stir–squeeze (UHSS) casting method with different MWCNT concentrations (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 wt.%) in a Mg-Zn-Ce magnesium alloy matrix. The microstructural characterizations shown using X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of secondary phases (MgZn<sub>2</sub>, Mg<sub>12</sub>Ce), T-phase (Mg<sub>7</sub>Zn<sub>3</sub>RE), α-Mg, and MWCNT peaks. Optical microscopy results showed grain refinement in the case of nanocomposites. Transmission electron microscope studies revealed well-dispersed MWCNT, indicating the good selection of processing parameters. The uniform dispersion of MWCNTs was achieved due to a hybrid stirring mechanism along with transient cavitation, ultrasonic streaming, and squeeze effect. The higher E<sub>corr</sub> value of −1.39 V, lower I<sub>corr</sub> value (5.81 µA/cm<sup>2</sup>), and lower corrosion rate of 0.1 mm/Yr (↑77%) were obtained by 0.8% nanocomposite at 0.4 M NaCl concentration, when compared to the monolithic alloy. The Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> passive film formation on 0.8 wt.% nanocomposite was denser, attributed to the refined grains. At higher NaCl concentration, the one-dimensional morphological advantage of MWCNT helped to act as a barrier for further Mg exposure to excessive Cl<sup>−</sup> attack, which reduced the formation of MgCl<sub>2</sub>. Therefore, the UHSS-casted Mg-Zn-Ce/MWCNT nanocomposites present a good potential as sacrificial anodes for use in a wide range of industrial applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/6/673magnesiumrare earth elementscarbon nanotubecorrosionmicrostructuressacrificial anode |
| spellingShingle | S. C. Amith Poovazhagan Lakshmanan Gnanavelbabu Annamalai Manoj Gupta Arunkumar Thirugnanasambandam Corrosion Resistance Behavior of Mg-Zn-Ce/MWCNT Magnesium Nanocomposites Synthesized by Ultrasonication-Assisted Hybrid Stir–Squeeze Casting for Sacrificial Anode Applications Metals magnesium rare earth elements carbon nanotube corrosion microstructures sacrificial anode |
| title | Corrosion Resistance Behavior of Mg-Zn-Ce/MWCNT Magnesium Nanocomposites Synthesized by Ultrasonication-Assisted Hybrid Stir–Squeeze Casting for Sacrificial Anode Applications |
| title_full | Corrosion Resistance Behavior of Mg-Zn-Ce/MWCNT Magnesium Nanocomposites Synthesized by Ultrasonication-Assisted Hybrid Stir–Squeeze Casting for Sacrificial Anode Applications |
| title_fullStr | Corrosion Resistance Behavior of Mg-Zn-Ce/MWCNT Magnesium Nanocomposites Synthesized by Ultrasonication-Assisted Hybrid Stir–Squeeze Casting for Sacrificial Anode Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Corrosion Resistance Behavior of Mg-Zn-Ce/MWCNT Magnesium Nanocomposites Synthesized by Ultrasonication-Assisted Hybrid Stir–Squeeze Casting for Sacrificial Anode Applications |
| title_short | Corrosion Resistance Behavior of Mg-Zn-Ce/MWCNT Magnesium Nanocomposites Synthesized by Ultrasonication-Assisted Hybrid Stir–Squeeze Casting for Sacrificial Anode Applications |
| title_sort | corrosion resistance behavior of mg zn ce mwcnt magnesium nanocomposites synthesized by ultrasonication assisted hybrid stir squeeze casting for sacrificial anode applications |
| topic | magnesium rare earth elements carbon nanotube corrosion microstructures sacrificial anode |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/6/673 |
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