Lithostratigraphy and Limestone Microfacies of the Jafnayn Formation (Paleocene to Early Eocene, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman): Deposition in a Restricted Lagoon with Intervals of Open Marine Conditions
We studied the Jafnayn Formation’s lithostratigraphy, microfacies, depositional environment, and uncertain presence of the Paleocene/Eocene boundary and present the first detailed analysis of a 127-m-thick section using the standard microfacies (SMF)/facies zone (FZ) system. The formation is dominat...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Frank Mattern Andreas Scharf Abdul Razak Al-Sayigh Abdulaziz Al-Mamari Laura Galluccio Sundus Al-Ghaiti Gianluca Frijia Lorenzo Consorti Maram Al-Saadi Fatema Al-Jabri |
| author_facet | Frank Mattern Andreas Scharf Abdul Razak Al-Sayigh Abdulaziz Al-Mamari Laura Galluccio Sundus Al-Ghaiti Gianluca Frijia Lorenzo Consorti Maram Al-Saadi Fatema Al-Jabri |
| author_sort | Frank Mattern |
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| description | We studied the Jafnayn Formation’s lithostratigraphy, microfacies, depositional environment, and uncertain presence of the Paleocene/Eocene boundary and present the first detailed analysis of a 127-m-thick section using the standard microfacies (SMF)/facies zone (FZ) system. The formation is dominated by foraminiferal grainstones and packstones of SMF 18-FOR, followed by peloidal grainstones and packstones of SMF 16. Coral-red algae floatstones of SMF 8 occur sporadically. SMF 18-DASY appears only once. SMF 16 and 18-FOR suggest a restricted lagoon, whereas SMF 8 and 18-DASY reflect episodic open marine lagoonal conditions. The section consists of four lithostratigraphic units. Considerable detrital quartz near the base (Unit 1: 22%; sand, sandstone, conglomerate) and top (Unit 4: 40%; sand) coincides with a restricted lagoon affected by near-shore processes (base) and near-shore conditions (top). Open marine conditions show an elevated bioclast diversity in units 3 and 4. Unit 2 displays very thickly-bedded limestones of the restricted lagoon. The lagoon barriers likely consist of foraminifera and other allochems that were reworked from the lagoon to form shoals. Coral remains in units 3 and 4 suggest that coral build-ups in the upper part of the formation protected the lagoon as well. The early Eocene age of several basal <i>Alveolina</i> species in the lowermost 9 m of the studied section indicates that the section is incomplete, with the late Paleocene part and meters-thick basal yellow marl missing. The Paleocene/Eocene boundary is unexposed. |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-d3f1d91058d74762bc49944d943dc85f2025-08-20T02:00:27ZengMDPI AGGeosciences2076-32632024-12-01141235210.3390/geosciences14120352Lithostratigraphy and Limestone Microfacies of the Jafnayn Formation (Paleocene to Early Eocene, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman): Deposition in a Restricted Lagoon with Intervals of Open Marine ConditionsFrank Mattern0Andreas Scharf1Abdul Razak Al-Sayigh2Abdulaziz Al-Mamari3Laura Galluccio4Sundus Al-Ghaiti5Gianluca Frijia6Lorenzo Consorti7Maram Al-Saadi8Fatema Al-Jabri9Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, OmanDepartment of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, OmanDepartment of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, OmanDepartment of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, OmanBadley-Ashton, Winceby House, Winceby LN9 6PB, UKDepartment of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, OmanDepartment of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyIstituto di Scienze Marine, Area Science Park ss. 14, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, OmanDepartment of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, OmanWe studied the Jafnayn Formation’s lithostratigraphy, microfacies, depositional environment, and uncertain presence of the Paleocene/Eocene boundary and present the first detailed analysis of a 127-m-thick section using the standard microfacies (SMF)/facies zone (FZ) system. The formation is dominated by foraminiferal grainstones and packstones of SMF 18-FOR, followed by peloidal grainstones and packstones of SMF 16. Coral-red algae floatstones of SMF 8 occur sporadically. SMF 18-DASY appears only once. SMF 16 and 18-FOR suggest a restricted lagoon, whereas SMF 8 and 18-DASY reflect episodic open marine lagoonal conditions. The section consists of four lithostratigraphic units. Considerable detrital quartz near the base (Unit 1: 22%; sand, sandstone, conglomerate) and top (Unit 4: 40%; sand) coincides with a restricted lagoon affected by near-shore processes (base) and near-shore conditions (top). Open marine conditions show an elevated bioclast diversity in units 3 and 4. Unit 2 displays very thickly-bedded limestones of the restricted lagoon. The lagoon barriers likely consist of foraminifera and other allochems that were reworked from the lagoon to form shoals. Coral remains in units 3 and 4 suggest that coral build-ups in the upper part of the formation protected the lagoon as well. The early Eocene age of several basal <i>Alveolina</i> species in the lowermost 9 m of the studied section indicates that the section is incomplete, with the late Paleocene part and meters-thick basal yellow marl missing. The Paleocene/Eocene boundary is unexposed.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/14/12/352near-shore environmentstandard microfaciesforaminiferaquartz detritusRusayl Embayment |
| spellingShingle | Frank Mattern Andreas Scharf Abdul Razak Al-Sayigh Abdulaziz Al-Mamari Laura Galluccio Sundus Al-Ghaiti Gianluca Frijia Lorenzo Consorti Maram Al-Saadi Fatema Al-Jabri Lithostratigraphy and Limestone Microfacies of the Jafnayn Formation (Paleocene to Early Eocene, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman): Deposition in a Restricted Lagoon with Intervals of Open Marine Conditions Geosciences near-shore environment standard microfacies foraminifera quartz detritus Rusayl Embayment |
| title | Lithostratigraphy and Limestone Microfacies of the Jafnayn Formation (Paleocene to Early Eocene, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman): Deposition in a Restricted Lagoon with Intervals of Open Marine Conditions |
| title_full | Lithostratigraphy and Limestone Microfacies of the Jafnayn Formation (Paleocene to Early Eocene, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman): Deposition in a Restricted Lagoon with Intervals of Open Marine Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Lithostratigraphy and Limestone Microfacies of the Jafnayn Formation (Paleocene to Early Eocene, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman): Deposition in a Restricted Lagoon with Intervals of Open Marine Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lithostratigraphy and Limestone Microfacies of the Jafnayn Formation (Paleocene to Early Eocene, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman): Deposition in a Restricted Lagoon with Intervals of Open Marine Conditions |
| title_short | Lithostratigraphy and Limestone Microfacies of the Jafnayn Formation (Paleocene to Early Eocene, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman): Deposition in a Restricted Lagoon with Intervals of Open Marine Conditions |
| title_sort | lithostratigraphy and limestone microfacies of the jafnayn formation paleocene to early eocene al khod sultanate of oman deposition in a restricted lagoon with intervals of open marine conditions |
| topic | near-shore environment standard microfacies foraminifera quartz detritus Rusayl Embayment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/14/12/352 |
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