Frontal theta oscillations and cognitive flexibility: Age-related modulations in EEG activity

Cognitive flexibility, the ability to adapt one’s behaviour in changing environments, declines during aging. Electroencephalography (EEG) studies have implicated midfrontal theta oscillations in attentional set-shifting, a measure of cognitive flexibility. Little is known about the electrocortical u...

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Main Authors: Margarita Darna, Christopher Stolz, Hannah-Sophia Jauch, Hendrik Strumpf, Jens-Max Hopf, Constanze I. Seidenbecher, Björn H. Schott, Anni Richter
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Aging Brain
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589958925000088
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author Margarita Darna
Christopher Stolz
Hannah-Sophia Jauch
Hendrik Strumpf
Jens-Max Hopf
Constanze I. Seidenbecher
Björn H. Schott
Anni Richter
author_facet Margarita Darna
Christopher Stolz
Hannah-Sophia Jauch
Hendrik Strumpf
Jens-Max Hopf
Constanze I. Seidenbecher
Björn H. Schott
Anni Richter
author_sort Margarita Darna
collection DOAJ
description Cognitive flexibility, the ability to adapt one’s behaviour in changing environments, declines during aging. Electroencephalography (EEG) studies have implicated midfrontal theta oscillations in attentional set-shifting, a measure of cognitive flexibility. Little is known about the electrocortical underpinnings of set-shifting in aging. Here, we investigated aging effects on set-shifting performance by analysing theta power in 20 young (mean age: 22.5 ± 2.9 years) and 19 older (mean age: 69.4 ± 6.1 years) adults. Increasing shift difficulty (i.e., intra- vs. extra-dimensional shifts) elicited worse performance in both age groups, with older adults showing overall longer reaction times (RTs) and increased RT variability. Young adults exhibited amplified midfrontal theta power increases with higher shift difficulty whereas older adults showed overall lower theta power and no task-related midfrontal theta power modulation, indicating potentially distinct underlying neural mechanisms.
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issn 2589-9589
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Aging Brain
spelling doaj-art-d3ef9a6149a040f495c028984e6be4052025-08-20T03:26:30ZengElsevierAging Brain2589-95892025-01-01810014210.1016/j.nbas.2025.100142Frontal theta oscillations and cognitive flexibility: Age-related modulations in EEG activityMargarita Darna0Christopher Stolz1Hannah-Sophia Jauch2Hendrik Strumpf3Jens-Max Hopf4Constanze I. Seidenbecher5Björn H. Schott6Anni Richter7Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany; Clinic for Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Clinic for Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, GermanyCenter for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany; Corresponding author at: Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany.Cognitive flexibility, the ability to adapt one’s behaviour in changing environments, declines during aging. Electroencephalography (EEG) studies have implicated midfrontal theta oscillations in attentional set-shifting, a measure of cognitive flexibility. Little is known about the electrocortical underpinnings of set-shifting in aging. Here, we investigated aging effects on set-shifting performance by analysing theta power in 20 young (mean age: 22.5 ± 2.9 years) and 19 older (mean age: 69.4 ± 6.1 years) adults. Increasing shift difficulty (i.e., intra- vs. extra-dimensional shifts) elicited worse performance in both age groups, with older adults showing overall longer reaction times (RTs) and increased RT variability. Young adults exhibited amplified midfrontal theta power increases with higher shift difficulty whereas older adults showed overall lower theta power and no task-related midfrontal theta power modulation, indicating potentially distinct underlying neural mechanisms.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589958925000088Theta powerCognitive flexibilitySet-shiftingElectroencephalography (EEG)Healthy aging
spellingShingle Margarita Darna
Christopher Stolz
Hannah-Sophia Jauch
Hendrik Strumpf
Jens-Max Hopf
Constanze I. Seidenbecher
Björn H. Schott
Anni Richter
Frontal theta oscillations and cognitive flexibility: Age-related modulations in EEG activity
Aging Brain
Theta power
Cognitive flexibility
Set-shifting
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Healthy aging
title Frontal theta oscillations and cognitive flexibility: Age-related modulations in EEG activity
title_full Frontal theta oscillations and cognitive flexibility: Age-related modulations in EEG activity
title_fullStr Frontal theta oscillations and cognitive flexibility: Age-related modulations in EEG activity
title_full_unstemmed Frontal theta oscillations and cognitive flexibility: Age-related modulations in EEG activity
title_short Frontal theta oscillations and cognitive flexibility: Age-related modulations in EEG activity
title_sort frontal theta oscillations and cognitive flexibility age related modulations in eeg activity
topic Theta power
Cognitive flexibility
Set-shifting
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Healthy aging
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589958925000088
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