Association of remnant cholesterol with new-onset hypertension among middle-aged and older adults in China
Abstract Although remnant cholesterol has been associated with cardiovascular disease, the risk of remnant cholesterol and blood pressure remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between remnant cholesterol and new-onset hypertension. We used middle-aged and older adults aged...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09678-5 |
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| author | Linghui Cui Chang Liu Luzong Yang Jing Liang Hao Wang Chenyang Liu Fan Zhang Min Cao |
| author_facet | Linghui Cui Chang Liu Luzong Yang Jing Liang Hao Wang Chenyang Liu Fan Zhang Min Cao |
| author_sort | Linghui Cui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Although remnant cholesterol has been associated with cardiovascular disease, the risk of remnant cholesterol and blood pressure remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between remnant cholesterol and new-onset hypertension. We used middle-aged and older adults aged ≥ 45 years from the first three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Estimated remnant cholesterol was calculated as total cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Multiple linear regression analysis and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to assess the association between remnant cholesterol levels and blood pressure levels and new-onset hypertensive events, respectively. Nonlinear associations were assessed using restricted cubic spline models. A total of 3,044 participants were included, and 839 new-onset hypertensive events (76.5 events per 1000 person-years) were documented during a median follow-up period of 4.0 years. After adjustment for age, sex, lifestyle factors, and other cardiovascular risk factors, compared with participants with normal-range (< 31 mg/dl), those with significantly elevated (≥ 46 mg/dl) remnant cholesterol had elevated systolic blood pressure by 2.36 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.55, 4.17) mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 1.66 mmHg (95% CI: 0.47, 2.84), and the risk of new-onset hypertension was 28% higher (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.59), with no significant association observed in the mildly elevated group (31–46 mg/dl). This association showed similar results in different subgroups. Elevated remnant cholesterol is significantly associated with blood pressure levels and risk of new-onset hypertension, suggesting that remnant cholesterol might be a potential therapeutic target for hypertension prevention. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d3d530859eef4e20a1760b8fcf29a839 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-d3d530859eef4e20a1760b8fcf29a8392025-08-20T03:45:59ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-09678-5Association of remnant cholesterol with new-onset hypertension among middle-aged and older adults in ChinaLinghui Cui0Chang Liu1Luzong Yang2Jing Liang3Hao Wang4Chenyang Liu5Fan Zhang6Min Cao7Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Emergency, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Emergency, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Emergency, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Emergency, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Emergency, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDepartment of Emergency, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineAbstract Although remnant cholesterol has been associated with cardiovascular disease, the risk of remnant cholesterol and blood pressure remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between remnant cholesterol and new-onset hypertension. We used middle-aged and older adults aged ≥ 45 years from the first three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Estimated remnant cholesterol was calculated as total cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Multiple linear regression analysis and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to assess the association between remnant cholesterol levels and blood pressure levels and new-onset hypertensive events, respectively. Nonlinear associations were assessed using restricted cubic spline models. A total of 3,044 participants were included, and 839 new-onset hypertensive events (76.5 events per 1000 person-years) were documented during a median follow-up period of 4.0 years. After adjustment for age, sex, lifestyle factors, and other cardiovascular risk factors, compared with participants with normal-range (< 31 mg/dl), those with significantly elevated (≥ 46 mg/dl) remnant cholesterol had elevated systolic blood pressure by 2.36 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.55, 4.17) mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 1.66 mmHg (95% CI: 0.47, 2.84), and the risk of new-onset hypertension was 28% higher (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.59), with no significant association observed in the mildly elevated group (31–46 mg/dl). This association showed similar results in different subgroups. Elevated remnant cholesterol is significantly associated with blood pressure levels and risk of new-onset hypertension, suggesting that remnant cholesterol might be a potential therapeutic target for hypertension prevention.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09678-5Remnant cholesterolHypertensionBlood pressureCohort studyCHARLS |
| spellingShingle | Linghui Cui Chang Liu Luzong Yang Jing Liang Hao Wang Chenyang Liu Fan Zhang Min Cao Association of remnant cholesterol with new-onset hypertension among middle-aged and older adults in China Scientific Reports Remnant cholesterol Hypertension Blood pressure Cohort study CHARLS |
| title | Association of remnant cholesterol with new-onset hypertension among middle-aged and older adults in China |
| title_full | Association of remnant cholesterol with new-onset hypertension among middle-aged and older adults in China |
| title_fullStr | Association of remnant cholesterol with new-onset hypertension among middle-aged and older adults in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of remnant cholesterol with new-onset hypertension among middle-aged and older adults in China |
| title_short | Association of remnant cholesterol with new-onset hypertension among middle-aged and older adults in China |
| title_sort | association of remnant cholesterol with new onset hypertension among middle aged and older adults in china |
| topic | Remnant cholesterol Hypertension Blood pressure Cohort study CHARLS |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09678-5 |
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