Linking peri-implantitis to microbiome changes in affected implants, healthy implants, and saliva: a cross-sectional pilot study

IntroductionThe rising use of dental implants is accompanied by an expected increase in peri-implant diseases, particularly peri-implantitis (PI), which poses a significant threat to implant success and necessitates a thorough understanding of its pathogenesis for effective management.MethodsTo gain...

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Main Authors: Lucinda J. Bessa, Conceição Egas, Carolina Pires, Luís Proença, Paulo Mascarenhas, Ricardo J. Pais, Helena Barroso, Vanessa Machado, João Botelho, Gil Alcoforado, José João Mendes, Ricardo Alves
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Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1543100/full
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author Lucinda J. Bessa
Conceição Egas
Conceição Egas
Conceição Egas
Carolina Pires
Luís Proença
Paulo Mascarenhas
Ricardo J. Pais
Ricardo J. Pais
Helena Barroso
Vanessa Machado
João Botelho
Gil Alcoforado
José João Mendes
Ricardo Alves
author_facet Lucinda J. Bessa
Conceição Egas
Conceição Egas
Conceição Egas
Carolina Pires
Luís Proença
Paulo Mascarenhas
Ricardo J. Pais
Ricardo J. Pais
Helena Barroso
Vanessa Machado
João Botelho
Gil Alcoforado
José João Mendes
Ricardo Alves
author_sort Lucinda J. Bessa
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionThe rising use of dental implants is accompanied by an expected increase in peri-implant diseases, particularly peri-implantitis (PI), which poses a significant threat to implant success and necessitates a thorough understanding of its pathogenesis for effective management.MethodsTo gain deeper insights into the role and impact of the peri-implant microbiome in the pathogenesis and progression of PI, we analyzed 100 samples of saliva and subgingival biofilm from 40 participants with healthy implants (HI group) or with co-occurrence of diagnosed PI-affected implants and healthy implants (PI group) using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. We identified the most discriminative species distinguishing healthy from diseased study groups through log ratios and differential ranking analyses.Results and discussionMogibacterium timidum, Schaalia cardiffensis, Parvimonas micra, Filifactor alocis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Olsenella uli were associated with the subgingival peri-implant biofilm. In contrast, Neisseria sp oral taxon 014, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Actinomyces naeslundii, Rothia mucilaginosa and Rothia aeria were more prevalent in the healthy peri-implant biofilm. Functional pathways such as arginine and polyamine biosynthesis, including putrescine and citrulline biosynthesis, showed stronger correlations with PI-affected implants. In contrast, peri-implant health was characterized by the predominance of pathways involved in purine and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide de novo biosynthesis, glucose and glucose-1-phosphate degradation, and tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. Our findings reveal that healthy implants in PI-free oral cavities differ significantly in microbial composition and functional pathways compared to healthy implants co-occurring with PI-affected implants, which more closely resemble PI-associated profiles. This pattern extended to salivary samples, where microbial and functional biomarkers follow similar trends.
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spelling doaj-art-d3d1c22eeb8543ddb5235c3e4d12a01d2025-08-20T03:10:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882025-04-011510.3389/fcimb.2025.15431001543100Linking peri-implantitis to microbiome changes in affected implants, healthy implants, and saliva: a cross-sectional pilot studyLucinda J. Bessa0Conceição Egas1Conceição Egas2Conceição Egas3Carolina Pires4Luís Proença5Paulo Mascarenhas6Ricardo J. Pais7Ricardo J. Pais8Helena Barroso9Vanessa Machado10João Botelho11Gil Alcoforado12José João Mendes13Ricardo Alves14Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, PortugalCNC-UC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Cantanhede, PortugalCIBB – Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Cantanhede, PortugalGenoinseq – Next Generation Sequencing Unit, Biocant, Cantanhede, PortugalEgas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, PortugalEgas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, PortugalEgas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, PortugalEgas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, PortugalBioinformatics R&D, Bioenhancer Systems Ltd, Manchester, United KingdomEgas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, PortugalEgas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, PortugalEgas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, PortugalEgas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, PortugalEgas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, PortugalEgas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, PortugalIntroductionThe rising use of dental implants is accompanied by an expected increase in peri-implant diseases, particularly peri-implantitis (PI), which poses a significant threat to implant success and necessitates a thorough understanding of its pathogenesis for effective management.MethodsTo gain deeper insights into the role and impact of the peri-implant microbiome in the pathogenesis and progression of PI, we analyzed 100 samples of saliva and subgingival biofilm from 40 participants with healthy implants (HI group) or with co-occurrence of diagnosed PI-affected implants and healthy implants (PI group) using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. We identified the most discriminative species distinguishing healthy from diseased study groups through log ratios and differential ranking analyses.Results and discussionMogibacterium timidum, Schaalia cardiffensis, Parvimonas micra, Filifactor alocis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Olsenella uli were associated with the subgingival peri-implant biofilm. In contrast, Neisseria sp oral taxon 014, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Actinomyces naeslundii, Rothia mucilaginosa and Rothia aeria were more prevalent in the healthy peri-implant biofilm. Functional pathways such as arginine and polyamine biosynthesis, including putrescine and citrulline biosynthesis, showed stronger correlations with PI-affected implants. In contrast, peri-implant health was characterized by the predominance of pathways involved in purine and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide de novo biosynthesis, glucose and glucose-1-phosphate degradation, and tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. Our findings reveal that healthy implants in PI-free oral cavities differ significantly in microbial composition and functional pathways compared to healthy implants co-occurring with PI-affected implants, which more closely resemble PI-associated profiles. This pattern extended to salivary samples, where microbial and functional biomarkers follow similar trends.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1543100/fullperi-implantitisperi-implant microbiomesaliva microbiomefunctional pathwaysshotgun metagenomic sequencingdifferential rankings
spellingShingle Lucinda J. Bessa
Conceição Egas
Conceição Egas
Conceição Egas
Carolina Pires
Luís Proença
Paulo Mascarenhas
Ricardo J. Pais
Ricardo J. Pais
Helena Barroso
Vanessa Machado
João Botelho
Gil Alcoforado
José João Mendes
Ricardo Alves
Linking peri-implantitis to microbiome changes in affected implants, healthy implants, and saliva: a cross-sectional pilot study
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
peri-implantitis
peri-implant microbiome
saliva microbiome
functional pathways
shotgun metagenomic sequencing
differential rankings
title Linking peri-implantitis to microbiome changes in affected implants, healthy implants, and saliva: a cross-sectional pilot study
title_full Linking peri-implantitis to microbiome changes in affected implants, healthy implants, and saliva: a cross-sectional pilot study
title_fullStr Linking peri-implantitis to microbiome changes in affected implants, healthy implants, and saliva: a cross-sectional pilot study
title_full_unstemmed Linking peri-implantitis to microbiome changes in affected implants, healthy implants, and saliva: a cross-sectional pilot study
title_short Linking peri-implantitis to microbiome changes in affected implants, healthy implants, and saliva: a cross-sectional pilot study
title_sort linking peri implantitis to microbiome changes in affected implants healthy implants and saliva a cross sectional pilot study
topic peri-implantitis
peri-implant microbiome
saliva microbiome
functional pathways
shotgun metagenomic sequencing
differential rankings
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1543100/full
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