Characterization of Phytoplankton Composition in Lake Maggiore: Integrated Chemotaxonomy for Enhanced Cyanobacteria Detection
Cyanobacterial blooms in lakes have increased in frequency and intensity over the past two decades, negatively affecting ecological and biogeochemical processes. This study focuses on the phytoplankton composition of Lake Maggiore, with a special emphasis on cyanobacteria detection through pigment c...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| author | Elisabetta Canuti Martina Austoni |
| author_facet | Elisabetta Canuti Martina Austoni |
| author_sort | Elisabetta Canuti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cyanobacterial blooms in lakes have increased in frequency and intensity over the past two decades, negatively affecting ecological and biogeochemical processes. This study focuses on the phytoplankton composition of Lake Maggiore, with a special emphasis on cyanobacteria detection through pigment composition. While microscopy is the standard method for phytoplankton identification, pigment-based methods provide broader spatiotemporal coverage. Between May and September 2023, five measurement campaigns were conducted in Lake Maggiore, collecting bio-geochemical and bio-optical data at 27 stations. The total Chlorophyll-a (TChl <i>a</i>) was measured, with concentrations ranging from 1.13 to 6.9 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. Phytoplankton pigment composition was analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the CHEMTAX approach was applied for phytoplankton classification. The results were cross-validated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), and microscopic counts. Cyanobacteria were identified based on unique pigment markers, such as carotenoids. The HPLC-derived pigment classification results aligned well with both PCA and HCA and microscopic counts verified the accuracy of the pigment-based chemotaxonomy. The study demonstrates that pigment-based classification methods, when combined with statistical analyses, offer a reliable alternative for identifying cyanobacteria and other phytoplankton groups, with potential applications in support of remote sensing algorithm development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d3cdcab15b064a71b52bb64d9beadd60 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
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| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-d3cdcab15b064a71b52bb64d9beadd602025-08-20T01:54:07ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-10-011211221110.3390/microorganisms12112211Characterization of Phytoplankton Composition in Lake Maggiore: Integrated Chemotaxonomy for Enhanced Cyanobacteria DetectionElisabetta Canuti0Martina Austoni1European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, VA, ItalyNational Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, 28922 Verbania Pallanza, VB, ItalyCyanobacterial blooms in lakes have increased in frequency and intensity over the past two decades, negatively affecting ecological and biogeochemical processes. This study focuses on the phytoplankton composition of Lake Maggiore, with a special emphasis on cyanobacteria detection through pigment composition. While microscopy is the standard method for phytoplankton identification, pigment-based methods provide broader spatiotemporal coverage. Between May and September 2023, five measurement campaigns were conducted in Lake Maggiore, collecting bio-geochemical and bio-optical data at 27 stations. The total Chlorophyll-a (TChl <i>a</i>) was measured, with concentrations ranging from 1.13 to 6.9 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. Phytoplankton pigment composition was analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the CHEMTAX approach was applied for phytoplankton classification. The results were cross-validated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), and microscopic counts. Cyanobacteria were identified based on unique pigment markers, such as carotenoids. The HPLC-derived pigment classification results aligned well with both PCA and HCA and microscopic counts verified the accuracy of the pigment-based chemotaxonomy. The study demonstrates that pigment-based classification methods, when combined with statistical analyses, offer a reliable alternative for identifying cyanobacteria and other phytoplankton groups, with potential applications in support of remote sensing algorithm development.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/11/2211CHEMTAXLake MaggioreHPLC pigments phytoplanktoncyanobacteriabloomchemotaxonomy |
| spellingShingle | Elisabetta Canuti Martina Austoni Characterization of Phytoplankton Composition in Lake Maggiore: Integrated Chemotaxonomy for Enhanced Cyanobacteria Detection Microorganisms CHEMTAX Lake Maggiore HPLC pigments phytoplankton cyanobacteria bloom chemotaxonomy |
| title | Characterization of Phytoplankton Composition in Lake Maggiore: Integrated Chemotaxonomy for Enhanced Cyanobacteria Detection |
| title_full | Characterization of Phytoplankton Composition in Lake Maggiore: Integrated Chemotaxonomy for Enhanced Cyanobacteria Detection |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Phytoplankton Composition in Lake Maggiore: Integrated Chemotaxonomy for Enhanced Cyanobacteria Detection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Phytoplankton Composition in Lake Maggiore: Integrated Chemotaxonomy for Enhanced Cyanobacteria Detection |
| title_short | Characterization of Phytoplankton Composition in Lake Maggiore: Integrated Chemotaxonomy for Enhanced Cyanobacteria Detection |
| title_sort | characterization of phytoplankton composition in lake maggiore integrated chemotaxonomy for enhanced cyanobacteria detection |
| topic | CHEMTAX Lake Maggiore HPLC pigments phytoplankton cyanobacteria bloom chemotaxonomy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/11/2211 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elisabettacanuti characterizationofphytoplanktoncompositioninlakemaggioreintegratedchemotaxonomyforenhancedcyanobacteriadetection AT martinaaustoni characterizationofphytoplanktoncompositioninlakemaggioreintegratedchemotaxonomyforenhancedcyanobacteriadetection |